Kwamfutar mu ta ƙunshi ɗimbin abubuwa daban-daban. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai ɗimbin kalmomi waɗanda dole ne mu saba dasu, wasunsu sababbi ga mutane da yawa. Wani abu da yawancin masu amfani ke nema shine sanin menene BIOS a cikin kwamfutar. Kalmar da ƙila ka ji wani lokaci kuma kana son ƙarin sani game da shi.
Na gaba za mu gaya muku abin da BIOS yake da abin da yake a kan PC ɗin ku. Wannan zai taimaka muku ƙarin koyo game da wannan ra'ayi da kuma yadda yake da mahimmanci ga kwamfuta a yau. Tunda ra'ayi ne wanda tabbas da yawa daga cikinku kun haɗu akan PC ɗinku a wani lokaci kuma kuna son ƙarin sani. Wannan jagorar zai taimake ku.
Menene PC BIOS
BIOS gajeriyar hanya ce da ke nufin Kalmomin Basic Input-Output System, waɗanda za mu iya fassara su azaman Tsarin Input-Output na Basic a cikin Mutanen Espanya. BIOS shine abu na farko da ke gudana idan muka kunna kwamfuta, kwamfutar hannu, wayar hannu ko wasu na'urorin lantarki, don haka abu ne da ake amfani dashi da yawa, kamar yadda kake gani. Game da kwamfuta, ba koyaushe ake amfani da sunan BIOS ba, kodayake manufar iri ɗaya ce a kowane yanayi.
A gaskiya muna fuskantar jerin lambobin aiwatarwa (software) wanda aka adana akan guntu akan motherboard (harshen PC). Wannan wani abu ne da ke ba shi damar gane abin da aka haɗa da shi, ya zama RAM, processor, na'urorin ajiya da sauransu. BIOS yana ba da damar abin da muke da shi shine PC, tunda ba tare da shi ba za mu sami motherboard kawai.
A halin yanzu BIOS yana ba da adadi mai yawa na bayanai, bayanin da a lokuta da yawa ba za a samu a cikin tsarin aiki kanta ba. A cikin BIOS ne inda zaku iya keɓance halaye masu yawa na kusan kowane kayan aikin da aka haɗa da motherboard, don haka yana da mahimmanci a cikin kwamfuta, tunda ita ce ƙofar waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka. Tsarin sa ya canza tsawon lokaci kuma a halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan da za mu iya amfani da mashin linzamin kwamfuta, ɗaya daga cikin manyan canje-canje a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Menene BIOS akan PC don?
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, jerin farawa kwamfuta ta hanyar gudanar da BIOS. A nan ne za a gane nau'o'in na'urori daban-daban da aka sanya a kan motherboard na PC. BIOS yana da amfani ga dukkan su a haɗa su zuwa wannan motherboard ta hanyar software, ta yadda za a samar da hanyar haɗi da ka'idojin da aka kafa, waɗanda za a yi amfani da su har sai PC zai sake farawa.
BIOS a cikin kwamfuta yana ba da bayanai da yawa, daga ciki muna samun cikakkun bayanai game da yiwuwar gazawar da za su iya tasowa lokacin da muka fara PC, musamman a yanayin gazawar hardware. Ana rubuta jerin sauti a cikin wannan BIOS wanda za a watsa a kan lasifikar idan akwai gazawa a cikin wani bangare. Ana iya tuntuɓar wannan jeri a koyaushe a cikin littafin uwa na kwamfutar. Wato idan duk wani abu da ya gaza (RAM ko graphics card), sautin da zai fitar zai bambanta, ta yadda za a iya gane shi cikin sauki.
Idan muna da motherboard wanda yake a tsakiyar tsakiyar kasuwa, to muna da BIOS biyu a ciki. Yana da fasalin da ke taimakawa sosai, tun da idan BIOS ya lalace, sakamakon wannan shine cewa motherboard ba shi da amfani, wani abu da zai iya zama babban kudi da asarar kuɗi ga masu amfani. Ta hanyar samun sau biyu, zaku iya ƙirƙira ko samar da kwafin guntu da daidaitawa a cikin na biyu. Kodayake ana fitar da sabuntawar BIOS, don guje wa irin waɗannan matsalolin, hanya ce mai kyau don tabbatar da cewa babu abin da zai faru.
Saitunan da aka ajiye a cikin BIOS za ta kasance a adana ko da an cire haɗin na'urar daga hanyar sadarwar lantarki na dogon lokaci. Ana adana shi a cikin batirin da ke kan wannan motherboard, ta yadda ajiyarsa wani abu ne da ke da tabbacin tsawon shekaru. Yana iya faruwa cewa baturin zai ƙare, amma ko a waɗannan lokuta ba matsala ba ne. Ko da baturin ku ya mutu, kawai za ku maye gurbinsa da kyau kuma ku sake shigar da kowane canje-canje, ta wannan hanyar za a sake nunawa, ba tare da kun rasa kome ba. Don haka yana da ƙarancin damuwa ga kowane mai amfani.
Yadda ake shiga BIOS
Yana da mahimmanci ba kawai sanin menene BIOS ba. Haka kuma hanyar da za mu iya shiga akan PC abu ne mai ban sha'awa ga masu amfani. Tunda masu amfani da yawa ba su san yadda ake shiga ba. Lokacin da za mu shiga ciki shine a farkon kwamfutar mu. Wannan wani abu ne wanda baya canzawa akan kowane PC. Wato, ba komai menene alamar PC ɗin ku ba, cewa lokacin da za mu shiga cikin BIOS koyaushe iri ɗaya ne.
Yayin da lokacin ya kasance iri ɗaya, ana iya samun ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin hanyar da ake shiga. Bambancin shine kawai maɓalli wanda za mu danna. Don samun dama ga BIOS ya saba da cewa dole ne mu danna maɓallin DELETE a cikin daƙiƙa biyar na farko bayan fara kwamfutar. Dole ne mu kasance da sauri idan muna son shiga, musamman idan kuna da kwamfutar da ke aiki da sauri.
Makullin da za mu latsa a kai yana da ɗan canji. A yawancin kwamfutoci abu ne da za mu iya yi ta danna maɓallin DELETE. Ko da yake yana yiwuwa naku ya bambanta. Idan maɓallin DELETE bai ba ku damar shiga BIOS akan kwamfutarka ba, yana iya zama ɗayan waɗannan maɓallan: ESC, F10, F2, F12, ko F1. Samfurin kwamfuta da samfurin ku shine zai tantance maɓalli da za ku danna, amma ko tsakanin kwamfutoci masu iri ɗaya dole ne ku danna maɓalli na daban. A kowane hali, dole ne a yi shi a cikin daƙiƙa biyar na farko bayan PC ya fara tashi.
BIOS damar tebur
Sa'ar al'amarin shine muna da lissafi tare da masana'antun kwamfuta da maɓalli wanda dole ne ka danna idan kana son shiga wannan BIOS akan kwamfutar. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan maɓallai idan kuna son samun dama gare su akan kwamfutarku a wani lokaci, ya danganta da alamar:
| Manufacturer | Maɓallin shiga BIOS na yau da kullun | Ƙarin Maɓallai |
| Acer | F2 | DEL, F1 |
| ASROCK | F2 | KASHE |
| Asus | F2 | DEL, Saka, F12, F10 |
| Dell | F2 | DEL, F12, F1 |
| gigabyte | F2 | KASHE |
| HP | ESC | Esc, F2, F10, F12 |
| Lenovo | F2 | F1 |
| MSI | KASHE | F2 |
| Toshiba | F2 | F12, F1, ESC |
| ZOTAC | DEL | F2, DEL |
Shigar da BIOS a cikin Windows
Baya ga samun dama a farawa, akwai ƙarin hanyar duniya don Windows. Godiya gare shi, za mu sami damar shiga BIOS na kwamfutar mu idan ya cancanta. Wannan hanya ce da za mu iya amfani da ita idan muna da Windows 8, Windows 8.1 ko Windows 10 shigar a kan kwamfutar mu. Idan kuna da ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan, zaku iya amfani da wannan hanyar. Hakanan hanya ce mai sauƙi don yin ta.
A cikin menu na farawa muna rubuta BIOS kuma za mu sami jerin zaɓuɓɓuka akan allon. Wanda ke da sha'awar mu a wannan yanayin shine Canza zaɓuɓɓukan farawa na ci gaba. Idan wannan zaɓi bai bayyana ba, koyaushe za mu iya rubuta shi kai tsaye a cikin injin bincike. Lokacin da muka buɗe wannan zaɓi akan allon, za mu iya ganin cewa mun sami sashin da ake kira Advanced Startup. Idan muka danna maɓallin Sake kunnawa yanzu a cikin wannan aikin, kwamfutar za ta sake farawa a cikin yanayi na musamman wanda daga ciki za mu sami dama ga zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban.
A cikin wannan menu wanda zai bayyana na gaba, akan shudin allo, danna kan zaɓin Shirya matsala. A kan allo na gaba dole ne mu danna kan zaɓi na Babba. Zabi na gaba da za mu danna shine zaɓin da ake kira Tsarin firmware na UEFI. Ta yin wannan, kwamfutar za ta sake farawa kuma ta shiga cikin BIOS kai tsaye. Wannan wani abu ne da zai dauki dakika biyu sannan kuma za mu kasance a cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa ta BIOS akan kwamfutar mu, wanda ya canza sosai a tsawon lokaci. Kamar yadda kuke gani, wani abu ne wanda ba shi da sarkakiya kuma ba ya daukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a shigar da shi, don haka za mu iya samun damar shiga BIOS a cikin Windows, wani abu da yawancin masu amfani ke nema.