Uninzi lwabasebenzisi abathi emva kokubukela imovie okanye uthotho lwezinto zithini iiWebhu eziMnyama kunye neWebhu enzuluAmagama athi ngamanye amaxesha adideke, kuba zombini ziyinxalenye ye-intanethi enzulu, i-intanethi engafikeleleki kuwo wonke umntu ngaphandle kokuba unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo.
Xa ndithetha ngezixhobo, andithethi ngezicelo ezintsonkothileyo kuphela ezimbalwa ezaziyo ukuba zisetyenziswa njani, kodwa endaweni yoko ziincwadi zewebhu. Ewe, ngesikhangeli nje (ayizizo zonke ezisebenzayo), sinokufikelela kwiWebhu eMnyama, hayi kwiwebhu enzulu. Apha ngezantsi sichaza Umahluko phakathi kweWebhu emnyama, iWebhu enzulu, kunye neWebhu eKhanyayo.
Ungayichaza i-intanethi njengeseti yayo yonke ingcaciso efumaneka kwi-intanethi, ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya. Ngaphakathi kwi-intanethi, kuya kufuneka sihlele wonke umxholo okhoyo, kuba yonke into ifumaneka esidlangalaleni: Umphezulu weWebhu y IWebhu eNzulu.
Umphezulu weWebhu
Kwelinye icala sifumana ulwazi esidlangalaleni kwaye luyafumaneka kubo bonke abasebenzisi ngesikhangeli. Oku kwaziwa njenge Umphezulu web. KwiWebhu engaphezulu kuwo onke amaphepha abavelisi bayo abavumela ukuba babhekiswe kwiinjini zokukhangela zesintu. Umphezulu weWebhu umele malunga neepesenti ezi-4 ze-intanethi.
IWebhu eNzulu
Kwelinye icala, sifumana ifayile ye- IWebhu eNzulu. KwiWebhu enzulu uyakufumana lonke ulwazi olungafakwanga kwizinjini zokukhangela kodwa ezinokufikelelwa kumaphepha athile ewebhu. I-Web Deep ibonisa i-96% yomxholo okhoyo kwi-intanethi.
Kwiwebhu enzulu uya kufumana zonke iifayile ze- Umxholo ongabalulekanga kwiinjini zokukhangela njengoko zingenalo ulwazi loluntu, njengeefayile ezigcinwe kwiinkonzo zokugcina, ii-imeyile, imibuzo, idatha egcinwe kwiinkonzo zokuhlawula ezifana neSpotify, iNetflix, iphepha lamaphephandaba kunye neewallwalls, imibuzo eyenza iphepha lewebhu kunye neziphumo ...
I-Web Deep iyaziwa ngokuba yiWebhu engabonakaliyo okanye iWebhu efihliweyo, amagama achaza indlela esebenza ngayo kunye nento emele yona. Ngaphakathi kwiWebhu eNzulu, yiWebhu eMnyamaInethiwekhi efuna izikhangeli ezizodwa ukufikelela kulwazi olusinika lona
Web Dark
Iwebhu emnyama Yenzelwe ukuba yabelane ngolwazi olungaziwayo kwaye ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lokunyanzelwa, yiyo loo nto kwiimeko ezininzi isetyenziswa kumazwe apho inkululeko yokuthetha ingafumaneki nalapho uxinzelelo luyinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ngenxa yobumfihlo bayo kunye neempawu zokungaziwa, iye yaba indawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye kubonakala ngathi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukhawulelwe kuphela kolu hlobo lomntu.
IWebhu Emnyama iyinxalenye yeWebhu enzulu, kungoko siyifakile kwicandelo layo hayi ngokuzimeleyo. Ngaphakathi kwiWebhu emnyama sifumana ii-Darknets.
Ii-Darknets yingqokelela yenethiwekhi ethile ebamba amaphepha athile anokufikelelwa kuphela kusetyenziswa izikhangeli ezithile. Phakathi kwe Iidnets ezaziwa kakhulu Sifumene iBitnet (.bitnet), i2p (.i2p), Casipeanet (.opte.ga), Usenet (.uucp) kunye neTor (.onion).
Kutheni ndingafikeleli kwiWebhu eMnyama kwisikhangeli sam
Amaphepha ewebhu afumanekayo kwiWebhu eMnyama (ii-Darknets) imimandla eyahlukeneyo isebenzisa imimandla. Kwimeko ye-.onion domain, la maphepha ewebhu afikeleleka kuphela kwizikhangeli ezithile ezinje ngeTor (enye yezona zithandwa kakhulu) ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zommeleli ukunxibelelana needilesi ze-IP ezingaziwayo, ukuze kube nzima ukulandelela bobabini abanikezela ulwazi kwaye ufuna ukufikelela kulo.
Imimandla yeOnion ungathathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo yommandla wegama ledomain (DNS) nangona besebenzisa isibizo esifanayo. Ngokungathathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo yommandla wegama elisemthethweni, akukho sikhangeli sendabuko (i-Chrome, iFirefox, iEdge, iSafari…) iyawaqaphela la maphepha ewebhu. Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwimimandla .bitnet, .i2p, .uucp ...
Yintoni ekwiwebhu emnyama
Ayisiwo wonke umxholo okhoyo kwaye kwasekuqaleni eyenzelwe iWebhu yeWebhu ihambelana nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni. I-Bitnet yayiyindlela yothungelwano lwekhompyuter yeeyunivesithi zaseMelika, iUsenet kwinkqubo yengxoxo yehlabathi kwi-intanethi evela kuthungelwano lwe-UCCP.
Ukuba sithetha ngomxholo ongekho mthethweni, sithetha ngemimandla yeeyon. Lo mxholo ifumaneka kuphela kwisikhangeli seTor. Enye yewebhusayithi ezidumileyo ezazisaziwa yiWebhu yeWebhu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo yayiyindlela yeSilika.
Indlela yeSilika yayiyeyona ntengiso inkulu emnyama kwi-intanethi eyayifikeleleka ngeTor. Le webhusayithi ivaliwe yi-FBI ngo-2013, kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuya bukhoma. Nangona kwi-Silk Road ungafumana kwiinombolo zamakhadi etyala ezibiweyo, iimali zemali zomgunyathi, ukugunyazisa ukubulala, izixhobo ezona zinto zazinomdla kuzo athenge iziyobisi ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya.
Ngokucacileyo, awasebenzisi makhadi etyala okanye i-PayPal ukuhlawula, endaweni yoko basebenzisa iBitcoin, imali engafumanekiyo kunye nolawulo lwedijithali. Kwimeko apho intengiselwano ingagqitywanga, bekukho inkqubo yempikiswano ekhoyo yokusombulula imbambano ngokwanelisayo. I-Silk Road yayifana ne-eBay eneemveliso ezingekho mthethweni kunye neenkonzo.
Iintsomi zeWebhu emnyama
Njengoko benditshilo apha ngasentla, ayisiyiyo yonke into esinokuyifumana kwiWebhu eMnyama engekho mthethweni okanye eyaphula isimilo sabantu abaninzi. Kwamanye amazwe iqhele ukwenziwa yabelana ngolwazi oluvinjelwe abanye oorhulumente.
Ngamaxesha amaninzi kuthiwa kwiWebhu eMnyama banokufumaneka iividiyo zokuhlukunyezwa, ukoluka kunye nezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo kuye nabani na, ayiyonyani ukuba ziyafumaneka kwizalathiso zeWebhu eMnyama, azifumaneki kuye nakubani na oqala ukusebenzisa iTor, ukusuka apho banokufikelela khona kwimifanekiso engamanyala yabantwana.
Ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kwiWebhu emnyama, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule yile akukho maphepha owasebenzisayo aqinisekisa ngokhuseleko, okanye kumxholo onokuzikhuphela (i-malware, i-spyware, ii-virus, i-Trojans ...) okanye iinkonzo onokufuna ukuziqesha. Ixesha leSilk Road, i-eBay yeemveliso ezingekho mthethweni kunye neenkonzo, liphelile kwaye okwangoku azikho ezinye iindlela Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwintengiselwano.
Ngelixa i-Surface Web imele i-4% ye-intanethi, kunye neWebhu enzulu eyi-96%, ifayile ye- IWebhu emnyama imele kuphela i-0,1% ye-intanethi.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube ngumgcuphi okanye ubenezakhono zekhompyuter ukufikelela kwiWebhu emnyama, kufuneka ukhuphele nje isikhangeli seTor.
Ngaba akukho semthethweni ukufikelela kwiWebhu emnyama?
Ukufikelela kwiWebhu eMnyama kusemthethweni ngokupheleleyo. Yintoni engekho ekuqeshweni kwazo naziphi na iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo esinokuzifumana kuyo.
Ungayifumana njani iWebhu emnyama
Njengoko ndiphawulile amatyeli aliqela kweli nqaku, indlela yokufikelela kwiWebhu emnyama kwaye ukwazi Ndwendwela .iphepha lamanyoni Kungenxa yesikhangeli seTor. Tor ifumaneka kwiWindows, macOS, Android, kunye neLinux nge esi sixhobo. Kwimeko yethu, siza kusebenzisa uguqulelo lweWindows.
I-Tor ayenzelwanga ukufikelela kuphela kwimimandla ye-, kodwa ikwajolise ekunikezeleni ukhangelo lwangasese lokwenyani ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo, ukuze silusebenzise njengesikhangeli sethu esiqhelekileyo imihla ngemihla, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo (ngokusebenzisa ii-proxies ukungazichazi unxibelelwano) ukulayishwa kwamaphepha ewebhu icotha kunesikhangeli sendabuko.
Ivela umthombo ovulekileyo kwaye igcinwa ibulela kwiminikelo evela kubasebenzisi. Njengoko sinokufunda kwiwebhusayithi yabo:
Ukukhuthaza amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko ngokudala kunye nokusebenzisa imfihlo kunye nobuchwephesha bemithombo yobuchwephesha kunye nokungaziwa, ukuxhasa ukufumaneka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabo okungathintelwanga, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuqonda kwabo kwezesayensi nokwaziwayo.
Nje ukuba sifake iTor kwaye siyisebenzise okokuqala, kufuneka qwalasela ukusebenza kwesikhangeli ukuba sikwilizwe eligunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kweTor (kusivumela ukuba simisele ibhulorho yokugqitha kolo nyango) okanye siqwalasele ummeli ukuba sisebenzisa enye ukunxibelelana ne-intanethi.
Ukuba asikho nakweyiphi na imeko, tkusafuneka sicofe kwi-Connect kuphela ukuseka unxibelelwano kwinethiwekhi yeTor. Nje ukuba unxibelelwano lusekiwe, kufuneka singene kwiphepha lewebhu .onion esifuna ukuyikhangela.
Iinjini zokukhangela eziMnyama
Eyona nto inokwenzeka, awazi naliphi na iphepha lewebhu elinedomain .onion, ke into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukusebenzisa isalathiso samaphepha ewebhu okanye sebenzisa injini yokukhangela DuckDuckGo.
Ingxaki kukuba le injini yokukhangela ayisiboneleli .onion kuphela, kodwa isinika iziphumo ezifanayo esinakho ungene kuso nasiphi na isikhangeli.
Ukuba ufuna kuphela ukufumana i-web .onion, ukhangelo ekufuneka ulusebenzise ngu Ikhuni, injini yokukhangela ngaphezu kwesigidi amakhonkco kumaphepha eWebhu aMnyama.
ahmia, ngenkangeleko elula kwaye efana neGoogle, le webhusayithi isivumela ukuba songeze amaphepha ewebhu .onion. Ukongeza, isivumela ukuba sikhangele kuluhlu olubanzi lwe ukhetho lokucoca umxholo.
Hayi ububi, injini yokukhangela ekuthiwa isebenzisa isaci seGoogle Musa ukuba mbi. Injini yokukhangela iyasivumela khangela zombini iWebhu emnyama kunye newebhu engaphezulu, Kwakhona ukuvumela ukuba sihlunge ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweziphumo esifuna ukuzifumana.
Iikhilos lolunye lweejini zokukhangela ezibanzi ezikhoyo kwiWebhu eMnyama. Le injini yokukhangela, ngokungafaniyo nayo yonke into esinayo, ibikhona eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iWebhu eMnyama. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kujolise ekukhangeleni abantu abenza imisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Ndiyishiya apho.
Ukuba sithetha ngezalathiso zobumnyama beWebhu kufuneka sithethe ngazo I-Wik efihliweyomna, enye ye ezona indices zibaluleke kakhulu apho sinokufumana khona inani elikhulu lekhonkco kumaphepha afumaneka kuphela ngeTor.
Apho kuhlala khona oomnyama
Uninzi lwamaphepha ewebhu afunyenwe kwiwebhu emnyama, ababanjelwa kwiinkonzo eziphambili ukugcinwa okunje nge-AWS evela kwiAmazon okanye iAzure evela kwiMicrosoft, kodwa zikwikhompyuter ezixhume kwi-intanethi
Kulapho eyona ngxaki yayo iphambili ilele khona, kuba ezinye iidilesi esinokuthi sazi zinokuba njalo azifumaneki ngamaxesha athile emini, kuba ikhompyuter apho ibanjelwe khona icinyiwe.
Ukuba wenza iphepha lewebhu elifikelelekayo kwikhompyuter yakho lijikelele kwiseva, idilesi ye-IP yeyona inika ukufikelela kwiphepha, kwaye ngenxa yoko, unokufumaneka ngokulula. Xa iphepha ngolwandiso lweonion lwenziwe, inethiwekhi I-Tor ivelisa igama elingahleliwe usebenzisa isitshixo seRSA efihle i-IP yokwenyani.
Xa usebenzisa iTor ukutyelela iphepha le-.onion, isikhangeli siyakhathalela ukurhoxisa elo gama kwaye siliguqulele kwiphepha lewebhu ifikeleleka kuphela ngesi sikhangeli. Ngexesha lenkqubo, ulwazi luye lwadlula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwindlela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungaziwa kunye nemfihlo.