I-Hardware vs Isoftware: Isho Ukuthini Ngayinye Ngayinye?

Hardware

Uma sikhuluma ngamakhompuyutha noma ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, akunakugwemeka ukuba namagama amabili asemqoka etafuleni: Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ne-Software, i-binomial edingekayo ukuze uphile ulwazi lomsebenzisi esinalo njengamanje.

Nakuba ziphila ndawonye ngaphakathi kwemvelo efanayo yezobuchwepheshe, zikhona ehluke ngokuphelele. Kungakho sizohlephula ngayinye yazo, sichaze ukuthi iqukethe ini, imuphi umsebenzi ezinayo nokuthi yimuphi umehluko esingawuthola.

Yini i-Hardware, enezibonelo

Igama elithi Hardware libone ukukhanya ku 50s kusukela esandleni seqembu lonjiniyela bamakhompiyutha ukubhekisela ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo esingazithola kukhompuyutha, ngakho konke okubonakalayo kungawela ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu.

Kuyinto isisekelo isisekelo lapho isofthiwe isekelwe khona ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza futhi ukuqala kwayo kuhlehlela emuva ku-1945 ukusebenza kwayo kwakusekelwe kumashubhu e-vacuum. Yabo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaba njalo, ukuthola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezingxenye zokuqala nalokho esinakho namuhla.

i-hardware ehlukahlukene

Ngaphakathi komqondo ojwayelekile we-Hardware, singenza ama-subgroups amabili angaba yi- izakhi zangaphakathi, okuzohlanganisa labo abakhona ngaphakathi kwekesi lombhoshongo noma i-laptop kanye izingxenye zangaphandle, okungaba yilawo atholakala ngaphandle kwebhokisi futhi angasetshenziswa noma adinge isenzo somsebenzisi. Leli qembu elincane lokugcina livame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwegama lama-peripherals.

Uma sigxila izakhi zangaphakathi, singathola uhlu olulandelayo:

  • Iyunithi yokucubungula noma ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-microprocessor
  • Imemori ye-RAM
  • ikhadi lemifanekiso noma i-GPU
  • motherboard noma motherboard
  • Uhlelo lwefriji
  • Amayunithi wesitoreji
  • Ukunikezwa kwamandla noma i-PSU
  • Amakhadi enethiwekhi noma alalelwayo
  • amayunithi wokufunda idiski

Endabeni izingxenye zangaphandle noma ze-peripheral:

  • Gada
  • Ikhibhodi
  • Igundane
  • Ama-headphone noma ama-headphone
  • Izipikha
  • I-Webcams
  • Ama-Joystick noma ama-gamepads

Ngaphakathi kohlu lonke lwezingxenye, lezo ezikhona kubalulekile ekusebenzeni yekhompuyutha kanye nezinye ezingaba ongakukhetha kanye/noma okuhambisanayo.

Ungakusho lokho izingxenye ezincane Lezo okufanele ikhompyutha ngayinye ikwazi ukuziqalisa yilezi: i-microprocessor, inkumbulo ye-RAM, i-GPU (kungaba kuhlanganisiwe noma okunikezelwe), i-motherboard, iyunithi yokugcina (i-hard disk), ukunikezwa kwamandla, imonitha, ikhibhodi negundane.

Ake sibone okwengeziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngayinye yalezi zingxenye eziyinhloko.

I-Microprocessor noma i-CPU

iprosesa

I-CPU isifinyezo se Iyunithi Yokucubungula Ephakathi nokwenza ukufana nomzimba wethu womuntu, kungaba ubuchopho bakho kwekhompyutha. Kuyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi umsebenzi wayo ukucubungula yonke imiyalelo yedivayisi, kokubili i-hardware nesofthiwe.

Ukuma kwayo okuvamile kuyisikwele, kuhlangene ngosayizi futhi kufakwe kusokhethi le-motherboard. Kulesi sici, umenzi ngamunye ngisho nesizukulwane ngasinye sinesokhethi ehlukile ngokuvamile engahambisani nangaphambili.

Yebo, uma umsebenzi wakho kuwukucubungula idatha noma imiyalo, yimalini enamandla kakhulu CPU yethu, ikhompyutha izosebenza ngokushesha.

Imemori ye-RAM

RAM kusho Imemori Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi Inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe. Kulokhu singakwazi qhathanisa nemisipha lokho okokusebenza kwethu njengoba idatha yezinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo okwamanje ibhalwe kuyo okwesikhashana.

Ijubane layo lokusebenza liphezulu kakhulu futhi kubalulekile ukuba nenani elidingekayo lapho uqhuba izinhlelo noma imidlalo kukhompyutha yethu.

ikhadi lemifanekiso noma i-GPU

I-Graphics Processing Unit noma u-UIyunithi Yokucubungula Imidwebo incazelo ye-GPU. Njengoba ama-purists, igama elithi GPU lisho inhliziyo yekhadi lezithombe ngokwalo, nakuba ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngokushintshana ukuze abhekisele kusethi yezithombe ezitholakala eqenjini lethu.

Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uku hlinzeka ngesithombe noma izakhi zesithombe ethathwe kumsebenzi wekhompyutha ngokwayo futhi iwamele esikrinini noma kumonitha.

Singathola izinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulekile zamakhadi wezithombe, aziwa ngokuthi anikezelwe noma ahlanganisiwe.

Esimweni sokuqala, lapho sikhuluma ngokuzinikezela sibhekisela ekhadini lemifanekiso elivamile elifakwe ku-PCI slot ebhodini lethu lomama. Endabeni yaleyo ehlanganisiwe, sizothola i-chip yezithombe ebekwe eduze kwe-microprocessor yethu noma kubhodi lomama ngokwalo.

Ibhodi lomama

pc ukukhuphuka

Ukwazi futhi ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-motherboard kusinika umbono wemvelo nokubaluleka kwale ngxenye. Ingabe isisekelo lapho kamuva ikhompyutha yakheka futhi yafakwa khona. Ingatholakala ngosayizi noma amafomethi amaningi futhi inikeza inqwaba yezinketho nezici ezibalulekile zokusebenza kahle komshini wethu.

Zonke izingxenye zohlu zifakwe kulo futhi yilo elisinikeza lonke uchungechunge lwe ukunwetshwa Slots esingabuyekeza ngayo, sithuthukise noma senze ikhompuyutha yethu ibe namandla kakhulu noma ibe namandla amakhulu.

Uhlelo lwefriji

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu uhlelo lokupholisa. Zonke izakhi ezinama-transistors kukhompuyutha yethu khiqiza ukushisa okuningi. Phakathi kwazo, amajeneretha amabili okushisa ayinhloko i-microprocessor kanye ne-graphics chip.

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu angabangela imishini yethu gijima kancane futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, kungalimaza ngisho nezingxenye. Kungakho kumishini enamandla athile, uhlelo oluthile lokupholisa noma lwe-heatsink luvame ukusetshenziselwa i-microprocessor.

Kulesi sigaba, singathola amamodeli omoya ayisisekelo noma amasethi okupholisa uketshezi athuthuke kakhulu. Kuleli qembu singafaka nabalandeli bombhoshongo uqobo.

Amayunithi wesitoreji

Ukuze sifake isofthiwe sizodinga izinto ezikwazi ukulondoloza i- idatha unaphakade. Lona umsebenzi wama-hard drive esiwuthola kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, ithebhulethi noma umakhalekhukhwini.

Kuyingxenye ebilokhu ivela, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo namandla futhi imbala ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe ngokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke sinemishini eqinile yokushayela kanye namadrayivu aqinile wesimo esiqinile.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla noma i-PSU

Ingxenye evame ukunganakwa kodwa engabalulekile kangako kulokho amandla kagesi. Yiyona esinikeza amandla kuzo zonke izingxenye zangaphakathi zekhompiyutha futhi ukusebenza kahle kwazo zonke kuncike kwikhwalithi yayo, kanye nobuqotho bayo.

Umthombo wekhwalithi onesitifiketi samandla aphezulu ngeke nje uqinisekise ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhle kodwa futhi a ukuvikelwa okuphelele ngokumelene nokukhuphuka kwamandla ngokwesibonelo, ngaleyo ndlela sivikela izingxenye zethu.

amayunithi wokufunda idiski

Nakuba ngaso sonke isikhathi zikhona isiphelelwe yisikhathi, amayunithi okufunda asesemakethe. Njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye, baye balandela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuye kwahlala iminyaka embalwa ngenxa yokuvela kwezinye izindlela zokufaka idatha kukhompyutha yethu.

Kuleli qembu sithola ama ama-floppy drives, iDVD kanye nabafundi/amarekhodi eBlueRay.

Iyini isofthiwe nezinhlobo ezahlukene esingazithola

Njenge-Hardware, igama elithi Software laqala ukusetshenziswa ku- 50s futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhuluma ngayo yonke into engena kusethi yekhompyutha kodwa lokho ayikwazi ukuthintwa noma isetshenziswe.

Leli qembu lihlanganisa yonke isethi ye izinhlelo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza esebenzisa lonke uhlelo lwethu ukuze lusebenze, luxhumana nehardware ukuyitshela ukuthi yenzeni noma isebenze kanjani. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo namandla ayo kuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe.

Software

Izinhlobo Zesoftware

Kulo mndeni omkhulu siphinde sithole amaqembu amaningana esingawahlanganisa ngale ndlela elandelayo.

Isoftware yesistimu

Njengoba isihloko sibonisa, sibhekisa ezinhlelweni ezithi ukuxhumana nohlelo futhi ngokwenza kanjalo lawula phezu kwe-Hardware. Amasistimu okusebenza noma amaseva angawela kuleli qembu.

Isoftware yokuhlela

Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo ziyasivumela ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ngolimi lokuhlela.

Isoftware yesicelo

ezinikele ukwenza umsebenzi othize, ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngokusizwa umsebenzisi, njengemidlalo yevidiyo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele idatha: I-Actualidad Blog
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.