Kana tichitaura nezvemakomputa kana tekinoroji yeruzivo, hazvidzivisiki kuve nemazwi makuru maviri patafura: Hardware uye Software, inodiwa zvachose binomial kuti urarame ruzivo rwemushandisi rwatinarwo parizvino.
Kunyangwe ivo vachigara mukati meiyo yakafanana tekinoroji hunhu, ivo vari zvakasiyana zvachose. Ndiko kusaka tichizoparura rimwe nerimwe rawo, tichitsanangura kuti rinei, basa raainaro uye misiyano ipi yatingawana.
Chii chinonzi Hardware, ine mienzaniso
Izwi rekuti Hardware rakaona chiedza mukati 50s kubva paruoko rweboka remainjiniya emakombuta kureva zvikamu zvemuviri zvatinogona kuwana mukombuta, saka zvese zvinobatika zvaizowira mukati meboka iri.
Ndiyo hwaro hwaro pane iyo software yakavakirwa kuti ikwanise kushanda uye matangiro ayo anodzokera ku1945 iyo kushanda kwayo kwakavakirwa pavacuum chubhu. Zvavo mhindumupindu yagara iripo, kuwana musiyano mukuru pakati pezvikamu zvekutanga nezvatinazvo nhasi.
Mukati meiyo yakajairika pfungwa yeHardware, isu tinogona kugadzira maviri madiki angave ari iwo zvemukati zvemukati, iyo yaizosanganisira varipo mukati meshongwe kana laptop kesi uye zvekunze zvikamu, zvingave izvo zviri kunze kwebhokisi uye zvinogona kushandiswa kana kuda chiito nemushandisi. Iri boka rekupedzisira rinowanzo kuwanikwa pasi pezita remaperipherals.
Kana tikatarisa pa zvemukati zvemukati, tinogona kuwana runyorwa runotevera:
- Processing unit kana inowanzonzi microprocessor
- RAM ndangariro
- graphics kadhi kana GPU
- motherboard kana motherboard
- Refrigeration hurongwa
- Kuchengeta zvikamu
- Simba rekupa kana PSU
- Network kana makadhi ekuteerera
- disk kuverenga zvikamu
Munyaya ye kunze kana peripheral zvikamu:
- tarisisa
- Yekhibhodi
- Mouse
- Mahedhifoni kana mahedhifoni
- Vatauri
- Webcams
- Joystick kana gamepads
Mukati merunyorwa rwese rwezvikamu, izvo zviri zvakakosha pakuvhiya yekombuta uye nezvimwe zvingave zvokusarudza uye/kana zvinopindirana.
Unogona kutaura izvozvo zvikamu zvishoma Izvo izvo komputa yega yega inofanirwa kukwanisa kutanga ndeiyi: microprocessor, RAM memory, GPU (yakasanganiswa kana yakatsaurirwa), mamaboard, yekuchengetedza unit (hard disk), magetsi, monitor, keyboard uye mbeva.
Ngationei zvishoma zvakadzama zvakadzama chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvikuru izvi.
Microprocessor kana CPU
CPU ndiyo acronym ye Central Kugadzira Chikamu uye kuita kufanana nemuviri wedu wevanhu, ingave iyo pfungwa dzako zvekombuta. Icho chikamu chakaomesesa uye basa rayo nderekugadzirisa mirairo yese yemudziyo, zvese hardware uye software.
Chimiro chayo chakajairwa chikwere, chakabatana muhukuru uye chakaiswa mune socket yebhodhi reamai. Muchikamu ichi, mugadziri wega wega uye kunyange chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chine socket yakasiyana iyo inowanzosaenderana neyakapfuura.
Ehe, kana basa rako riri rekugadzirisa data kana mirairo, yakawanda sei simba rakawanda yedu CPU, iyo inokurumidza komputa inomhanya.
RAM ndangariro
RAM zvinoreva Ruzivo Rwekusvika, iyo inoshandurwa yaizova Random access memory. Muchiitiko ichi tinogona enzanisa nemhasuru kuti midziyo yedu ine kubva data yemapurogiramu ari kuitwa panguva ino akanyorwa mairi kwenguva pfupi.
Kumhanya kwayo kwekushanda kwakanyanya uye zvakakosha kuve nemari inodiwa paunenge uchimhanyisa zvirongwa kana mitambo pakombuta yedu.
graphics kadhi kana GPU
Graphics Processing Unit kana UGraphic Processing Unit ndiyo zvinoreva GPU. Kuve purists, zita rekuti GPU rinoreva moyo weiyo kadhi yemifananidzo pachayo, kunyangwe kazhinji ivo vachishandiswa zvakasiyana kureva magirafu akaiswa kuchikwata chedu.
Basa rayo guru ndere ipa mufananidzo kana graphic elements inotorwa kubva mukuita kwekombuta pachayo uye inovamiririra pachiratidziro kana chekutarisa.
Tinogona kuwana maviri akakosha marudzi emakadhi emifananidzo, anozivikanwa seakazvitsaurira kana akasanganiswa.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, kana tichitaura nezvekuzvitsaurira tinonongedzera kune yakajairwa giraidhi kadhi iyo yakaiswa muPCI slot pane yedu mamaboard. Munyaya yeiyo yakasanganiswa, isu tinowana iyo giraidhi chip yakagara padivi pe microprocessor yedu kana paamai bhodhi pachayo.
Amai bhodhi
Kukwanisawo kuidaidza kuti bhodhi reamai kunotipa pfungwa yechimiro uye kukosha kwechikamu ichi. Ndiyo hwaro pane iyo komputa inogadzirwa gare gare uye yakaiswa. Inogona kuwanikwa muhukuru hwakawanda kana mafomati uye ivo vanopa akawanda esarudzo uye akakosha maitiro ekuita kwakanaka kwemuchina wedu.
Zvese zvikamu zvechinyorwa zvakaiswa pairi uye ndiyo inotipa yakazara nhevedzano ye kuwedzera slots iyo yatinogona kugadzirisa, kuvandudza kana kuita kuti komputa yedu iwedzere simba kana kuve nehukuru hwakakura.
Refrigeration hurongwa
Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha ndiyo inotonhorera system. Zvese zvinhu zvine transistors mukombuta yedu gadzira huwandu hwekupisa. Pakati pavo, maviri makuru ekupisa jenareta ndiwo microprocessor uye graphics chip.
Kunyanya kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera midziyo yedu mhanya zvishoma nezvishoma uye mune yakaipisisa, inogona kunyange kukuvadza zvikamu. Ndokusaka mumidziyo ine rimwe simba, chaiyo kutonhora kana heatsink system inowanzoshandiswa kune microprocessor.
Muchikamu chino, isu tinogona kuwana ekutanga emhepo modhi kana yakawanda yepamusoro yemvura yekutonhodza seti. Muboka iri tinogonawo kusanganisira shongwe mafeni pachavo.
Kuchengeta zvikamu
Kuti tiise software isu tichada zvinhu zvinokwanisa kuchengetedza iyo data zvachose. Iri ibasa rema hard drive atinowana mune chero komputa, piritsi kana nharembozha.
Icho chinhu chave chiri kubuda zvakare, kuvandudza mashandiro ayo uye kugona uye kunyangwe iyo tekinoroji inoshandiswa pakuvaka uye kushanda kwayo, saka tine mechanical hard drives uye solid-state hard drives.
Simba rekupa kana PSU
Chinhu chinowanzoenda chisingaonekwe asi chisina kukosha kune icho ndicho magetsi. Ndiyo inotipa simba kune zvese zvemukati zvemukati zvekombuta uye kushanda kwakakwana kwechimwe nechimwe chazvo kunoenderana nemhando yayo, pamwe nekuvimbika kwayo.
Nzvimbo yemhando yepamusoro ine chitupa chesimba repamusoro haingovimbise simba rakakwana rekupa asiwo a dziviriro yakazara kupesana nekuwedzera kwesimba semuenzaniso, nekudaro kudzivirira zvikamu zvedu.
disk kuverenga zvikamu
Kunyange nguva dzose vari zvakanyanya kusashanda, zvikamu zvekuverenga zvichiri pamusika. Kufanana nezvimwe zvese zvikamu, ivo vakatevera shanduko yave yakamira kwemakore mashoma nekuda kwekuonekwa kwedzimwe nzira dzekupinza data mukombuta yedu.
Muboka iri tinowana floppy drives, DVD uye BlueRay vaverengi/marekodhi.
Chii chinonzi software uye mhando dzakasiyana dzatinogona kuwana
Kufanana neHardware, izwi rekuti Software rakatanga kushandiswa mu 50s uye rinoshandiswa kutaura nezve zvese zvinopinda mukombuta set asi izvo haigoni kubatwa panyama kana kushandiswa.
Boka iri rinosanganisira yese seti ye zvirongwa kana kushandisa iyo inoshandisa iyo yese sisitimu yedu kushanda, ichitaurirana nehardware kuitaurira zvekuita kana kuti ishande sei. Kushanduka kwayo uye kugona kwayo kunofambidzana nekuvandudzwa kwehardware.
Software Types
Mumhuri huru iyi tinowanawo mapoka akati wandei atingagona kuunganidza nenzira inotevera.
Software software
Sezvinoratidzwa nemusoro, zvinoreva zvirongwa izvo kutaurirana nehurongwa uye nekudaro shandisa kutonga pamusoro peHardware. Maoperating systems kana maseva aizowira muboka iri.
Chirongwa software
Aya marudzi emapurogiramu anotibvumira kugadzira chinyorwa kuburikidza nemutauro wepurogiramu.
Software yekushandisa
akazvipira kuita basa chairo, otomatiki kana kubatsirwa nemushandisi, semitambo yemavhidhiyo.