Ukutshintsha inkqubo yokusebenza kwesixhobo se-elektroniki ngumsebenzi ekuyimfuneko ukuba ube nolwazi oluninzi, kuba kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukujongana nazo zonke iingxaki onokuhlangabezana nazo apha endleleni.
Ukuba sithetha ngee-smartphones, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo kwakuqhelekile ukufumana iiROM zesiko kwizixhobo ezithile, iiROM ekufuneka uzifakile kuba zenzelwe izixhobo ezithile. Kodwa ukuba asiphumi apho, awufanelanga tshintsha i-Android OS yeselula yakho ayikho enye.
Iinkqubo zokusebenza kwezixhobo eziphathwayo
Ukusukela ii-smartphones zangena kwimarike kwii-2000s zakuqala, iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza zizamile ngaphandle kwempumelelo ukufumana indawo yentengiso, intengiso elawulwa yi-iOS kunye ne-Android.
mfono Windows
UMicrosoft wayenethuba lokungena kwintengiso kodwa ulawulo lweWindows Phone lwaluyintlekele yokwenene ezandleni zikaSteve Ballmer, umphathi we-Microsoft ngelo xesha.
Ifowuni yeWindows yachukunyiswa ukufa nguSteve Ballmer. Ngokufika kukaSatya Nadella kwisikhundla sokuba yi-CEO yeMicrosoft, wabona ukuba akukho nto anokuyenza kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye iFowuni yeWindows ngonaphakade.
Ifowni kaWindows ibonelele ngokudityaniswa kweselfowuni kunye nekhompyuter ephethwe yiWindows, kufana ne-iPhone eneMac.UMicrosoft wayeka ukunika inkxaso Windows 10 Iselfowuni ngoJanuwari 2020.
IMicrosoft ijolise kwimizamo yayo yokunikezela yonke i-ecosystem yezicelo kwi-Android kwaye okwangoku ukudityaniswa phakathi kwe-Android kunye neWindows kusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ngokusetyenziswa kweFowuni yakho.
IFirefox OS
Ngo-2013, iSiseko seMozilla sazisa iFirefox OS, inkqubo yokusebenza kwefowuni esekwe kwi-HTML enomthombo ovulekileyo weLinux kernel. Yenzelwe ukuvumela usetyenziso lwe-HTML 5 ukunxibelelana ngqo nezixhobo zekhompyutha zisebenzisa ii-API ezivulekileyo zeWebhu kunye neJavasScript.
Le nkqubo yokusebenza yayijolise kwiziphelo ezisezantsi kunye neetafile ezinje ngeZTE evulekileyo (ethengiswa yiTelefonica) kunye nePeak. Ukongeza, ikwafumaneka kwiRaspberry Pi, iiTV ezikrelekrele, kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngombane ezifanelekileyo.
Ubomi beFirefox OS babufutshane, njengakwi-2015, iMozilla Foundation yabhengeza ukuba iyarhoxisa uphuhliso lweFirefox OS yezixhobo eziphathwayo. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso ebanzi ebinayo evela kuluntu lokuzithandela, khange ixhaswe ngabenzi be-smartphone, abathi, ekugqibeleni, babe ngabo abenza isigqibo sokuba inkqubo yokusebenza kweselfowuni iyaphumelela.
Tizen OS
Nangona iTizen ibisoloko inxulunyaniswa ne-Samsung, le nkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwiLinux kunye ne-HTML 5 yayixhaswe yiLinux Foundation kunye neLiMo Foundation ukwenza inkqubo yokusebenza yeetafile, iincwadana, ii-smartphones, iiTV ezikrelekrele ...
Xa ingxelo yokugqibela yakhutshwa ngo-2013, yayihambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-Android. Umbono wokuqala wale projekthi yayikukudala inkqubo yokusebenza evulekileyo, nangona kunjalo xa ingxelo yesi-2 yayikhutshiwe yayiphantsi kwelayisensi evela kwaSamsung.
I-Tizen ikhona kuzo zonke ii-Samsung smart TVs kunye nezixhobo zayo ezixhunyiwe. Kude kube kutshanje, ikwayinkqubo yokusebenza kweewotshi zenkampani yaseKorea.
Kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, kude kube ngoku i-Samsung iqhubekile nokusungula ii-smartphones ngeTizen ezimiselwe amazwe asaphuhlayo.
Ubuntu Touch
Inkampani yeCanonical, ezinikele kwintengiso yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo nge-Ubuntu, yazisa nge-2013 Ubuntu Ifowuni, inkqubo yokusebenza eyayisebenzisa ujongano lomzobo ngemiqondiso ejonge kuyilo loManyano.
Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kukukwazi ukulayisha Ubuntu kwidesktop ngokudibanisa isixhobo kwibhodi yezitshixo kunye nemouse.
Olu luvo lumnandi lwamkelwe yiSamsung ngeDisk, ukusebenza okusivumela ukuba sidibanise imouse kunye nekhibhodi kwi-Samsung smartphone ukuze isebenze ngokungathi yikhompyuter enobuntu.
Ngo-2017, i-Canonical yalushiya uphuhliso lwale nkqubo yokusebenza. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela ziifemu ze-BQ kunye neMeizu ebezikhethile, nganye nganye isungula i-smartphone kwintengiso nge-Ubuntu Touch.
Isalfish OS
Nge-linux kernel kunye ne-programme kwi-C ++, sifumana i-Sailfish OS, inkqubo yokusebenza yezixhobo eziphathwayo ezenziwe yinkampani yaseFinland iJolla Ltd.
I-Sailfish OS iyakwazi ukuqhuba usetyenziso lwe-Android. Uninzi lwale nkqubo yokusebenza luyisoftware yasimahla ngaphandle komsebenzisi obizwa ngokuba yiSailfish Silica, ke bonke abo bafuna ukuyisebenzisa kufuneka bahlawule ilayisensi.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuhamba, i-Sailfish OS iyaqhubeka kuphuhliso enkosi kwizivumelwano zorhwebo eziye zafikelelwa yinkampani ne China, Russia kunye namanye amazwe ase Latin America ngenxa yokunyuka okunganqandekiyo kwe-iOS kunye ne-Android kunye nokukrokrela ubuntlola obunokubakho. Ziinkampani zaseMelika ngasemva kwayo. .
IWebOS
Ngaphambi kokuba i-Android ithandwe, iPalm yazisa nge-webOS, inkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwiLinux isebenzisa i-HTML 5, iJavaScript, kunye neCSS, eyafunyanwa ngaphakathi kwiPalm Pre, isixhobo esifike kwintengiso phakathi ku-2009.
Ukulandela ukuthengwa kwePalm yi-HP, izixhobo ezitsha ezintathu zasungulwa kwimarike, izixhobo ezingaphumelelanga kakuhle kwintengiso kangangokuba banyanzela inkampani ukuba iqhubeke nophuhliso ngo-2011.
Ngo-2013, umenzi we-LG wathenga i-webOS ukuze ayisebenzise njengenkqubo yokusebenza yeeTV zayo ezikrelekrele. Ngo-2016 yavula i-smartphone yokuqala nge-webOS entsha, i-Motorola Defy. Ukusukela ngoko ayikho enye into eyaziwayo malunga nophuhliso lwe-webOS yee-smartphones.
Emva kwesibhengezo se-LG sokushiya intengiso yefowuni, sele silibale malunga nokubona i-smartphone ene-webOS kwixa elizayo.
abanye
Inkqubo yokusebenza yamacwecwe eAmazon, njengaleyo isetyenziswa nguHuawei kwii-smartphones zayo, ayisiyonto ngaphandle kweefolokhwe ze-Android, oko kukuthi, zisebenzisa i-AOSP (iProjekti yoMthombo ovulekileyo we-Android) kodwa ngaphandle kwezicelo zikaGoogle, ke zisese-Android.
Guqula inkqubo yokusebenza kwe-Android?
Ukuba ukhe wacinga ngokutshintsha i-Android kwenye inkqubo yokusebenza, nazi izizathu zokuba umbono olubi kakhulu.
Ukuhambelana komqhubi
Ukuze icandelo lisebenze kwinkqubo yokusebenza, njengemodem yonxibelelwano, inkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka ifakelwe abaqhubi abahambelanayo, ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
Uninzi lwezinto esinokuzifumana ngaphakathi kwi-smartphone ye-Android zixhaswa kuphela nge-Android. Awuyi kufumana inkxaso kula macandelo, nokuba zenziwa njani na ezinye iinkqubo ezinje ngefowuni yeWindows, iFirefox OS, iTizen OS, Ubuntu, iSailfish, iwebhu ...
Iingxaki zokusebenza
Inxulumene necandelo elidlulileyo, siza kufumana neengxaki zokusebenza, ukuba ngaxa lithile sinokwenza ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza isebenze kwifowuni.
Ukuba siyakwazi ukufaka nayiphi na enye indlela yokusebenza kwi-Android, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye zeefowuni azizukusebenza, ezinje ngoqhagamshelo lweWi-Fi, uqhagamshelo lwedatha, ibluetooth ... kunye nokufumana abaqhubi abafunekayo inokuba ngumsebenzi otyhafisayo ukuba asinalo ulwazi oluchanekileyo.
Uya kulahla iwaranti
Ukuba i-smartphone apho ufuna ukuzama enye inkqubo yokusebenza ingaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala, xa ufaka enye inkqubo yokusebenza, uya kuphulukana newaranti yomenzi, ke kuyacetyiswa kuphela ukuzama ukwenza le nkqubo kwi-smartphone endala.
Awuyi kuba nakho ukubuyisela i-terminal kwimeko yayo yentsusa
Enye ingxaki esijamelene nayo kukuba asizukukwazi ukubuyisela isixhobo kwimeko yaso yoqobo, kuba le nkqubo ifuna ukucima nawuphi na umkhondo wangaphambili ogcinwe kwisixhobo, kubandakanya ugcino oluvumela ukubuyisela isixhobo kwasekuqaleni.