Zininzi iintlobo zokutshintsha, enye yazo injalo utshintsho lwe-ethernet. Isixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwamanye amakhaya afuna ukudibanisa izixhobo ezininzi kuthungelwano ngentambo, iiofisi, kunye neeseva. Kwaye, ngaphandle kwento yokuba uthungelwano olungenazingcingo lubekiwe, kusekho ukuxhomekeka okuninzi kwikhabhathi.
Ukuba ufuna esinye sezixhobo zenethiwekhi, inyani kukuba zilula ubukhulu becala, nangona zikho nezinye eziphambili. Ngaphandle koko, akukho lula khetha efanelekileyo kwezinye iimeko. Ukuba kuya kufuneka wazi ezinye iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha eziza kukunceda ekukhetheni, kunye neemodeli ezintle onokuzifumana kwintengiso.
Iimodeli zokutshintsha kwe-Ethernet ezigqwesileyo
Ezi zezinye ze iimodeli ezinika ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo Xa kuziwa kutshintsho lwe-Ethernet ekhaya okanye eofisini:
D-Ikhonkco DXS-1100-10T
- I-19 ”enokurhangqwa ngokurhabaxa, kudidi lweshishini, kwintsebenzo ephezulu, iswitshi yenethiwekhi elawulwayo ene-1U ye ...
- Ine-8 10 Gigabit Ethernet port kunye ne-2 10 GbE SFP + port
Ukuthi D-Ikhonkco DXS-1100-10T isebenzisa amagama amakhulu. Kuyinyani ukuba yenye yezona zibiza kakhulu, kodwa sisixhobo sobuchule esinokuba luncedo kwinkampani. Esi sixhobo sixhasa isantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 Gbps (NBASE-T) kunye nefayibha yokukhanya.
Ukongeza, utshintsho luye Amazibuko angama-8 10Gbit LAN (RJ-45), kunye ne-2 SFP + amazibuko e-fiber optics. Kwaye ukuba ayonelanga, isebenza ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwaye inokuphakanyiswa kwi-19 ″ rack kwaye ihlale kubude be-1U, yofakelo kwiikhabhathi zeseva.
Ikwanayo Itekhnoloji engathinteliyo ukutshintshela kwi-200 Gbits ngomzuzwana ngaphandle kokuthintela phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezixhumeneyo, kunye netafile ye-MAC ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16.384. I-firmware yesi sixhobo yeyona nto ifanelekileyo onokuyifumana kwintengiso.
INetgear Nighthawk SX10
- I-10G iphindaphindwe kalishumi kune-10G-ixhasa zonke izixhobo ze-gigabit ezininzi ngamandla eziwafaneleyo
- Ukulawula i-latency kunye nokunciphisa i-lag spikes: elungiselelwe umdlalo, umda wokufikelela kwinqanaba lomda ...
Enye yeemodeli zokutshintsha ze-Ethernet onokuzifumana ngu-el I-Netgear Nighthawk SX10. Le yimodeli enobuchwephesha, nangona ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Kukulungele iiofisi okanye umdlalo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu kunye nokwenza ngcono (ukunciphisa i-latency) kwezi ntlobo zezicelo.
Su Isantya esiphezulu siyi-10Gbps (NBASE-T) ye-2 yamazibuko ayo, ekufuneka sidibanise kuyo amanye amazibuko ayi-8 asebenza kwi-1Gbps. Kule meko, i-firmware nayo ilunge kakhulu, ngobuninzi bemisebenzi kunye noseto onokukhetha kulo.
D-Ikhonkco DGS-108
- I-chassis yentsimbi yokuchasa ngakumbi kunye nokusasaza okungcono kobushushu, okuguqula kube kukhulu ...
- Xhuma kwaye udlale, akukhoqwalaselo olufunekayo
Ukuba ufuna ntoni into encinci ekhaya lakho, emva koko i-D-Link DGS-108 yenye yeendlela ezilungileyo onokuthi ukhethe kuzo. Liqela elinentsebenzo elungileyo, ukuhlala ixesha elide, kunye nokusasaza okuhle kobushushu ngenxa yesisu sayo sentsimbi esiya kukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngaphandle kokuphumla ngaphandle kwengxaki.
Inejubane le-1Gbps (1000BASE-T) enamazibuko asi-8. Ukucwangciswa kwayo kulula kakhulu kangangokuba kufuneka unxibelelane kuphela kwaye kuya kusebenza. Kwaye ukuba unayo Inkonzo yeTV ye-Intanethi, Ine-IGMP Snooping, ke intsebenzo iya kuqinisekiswa ukuze kungabikho nanye into ecaphukisayo.
I-TP-Ikhonkco TL-SG108
- [8-port gigabit switch] -8 45/10 / 100Mbps RJ1000 amazibuko anokufumana ngokuzenzekelayo isantya, inkxaso ye ...
- Itekhnoloji ye-ethernet eluhlaza isindisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
Enye into enokubakho kwi-D-Link yangaphambili yile TP-Ikhonkco, ngokulinganayo zitshiphu kwaye zilungele amakhaya okanye iiofisi abadingi nto ingako. Kule meko, inejubane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1Gbps kunye ne-8 RJ-45 port.
Ikwabalwa Snooping ye-IGMP kwabo basebenzisa iinkonzo ze-IPTV, kwaye ikwaxhotyiswe nge-chassis yentsimbi esebenza njengendawo yokufudumeza ubushushu, ukuyikhusela ekutshiseni xa isetyenziswa ngamandla.
Yintoni utshintsho?
Un tshintsha, okanye tshintsha, sisixhobo esikuvumela ukuba uqhagamshele izixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, zonke izixhobo zinokudityaniswa kwinethiwekhi yendawo okanye i-LAN. Ngapha koko, ukucaciswa kobuchwephesha, kule meko, kuya kulandela imigangatho ye-Ethernet (IEEE 802.3).
Umahluko phakathi kwehabhu kunye neswith
Kukho oko umahluko phakathi kweHub kunye noTshintsho, kuba nangona benemisebenzi efanayo, inyani kukuba banomahluko. Umzekelo, kwindlela ezithunyelwa ngayo iZakhelo. Oko kukuthi, indlela apho izakhelo zenethiwekhi ezigqithiselwe ukuhambisa ulwazi zithunyelwa khona.
Kwimeko iihabhu inethiwekhi, ezi freyimu, okanye uthotho lweebits, zithunyelwa kuzo zonke izixhobo ezixhumeke kwihabhu ngokulinganayo. Endaweni yoku, kwiitshintshi ziya kuthunyelwa kuphela kwisixhobo ekujoliswe kuso. Ngamanye amagama, ihabhu iya kusebenza njengesela eliqhelekileyo lombane elenza iplagi enye ijike ibe ziininzi.
Endaweni yoko, utshintsho, njengoko igama lalo libonisa, iziphatha njengokutshintsha, Ukutshintsha phakathi kweziphumo ezahlukeneyo ukuthumela ulwazi kwisixhobo esifanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ibene-hardware ethe kratya ngakumbi kwaye inikwe amandla okuqonda apho kufuneka iqondise khona ulwazi.
por ejemploKhawufane ucinge ukuba unayo iPC edityaniswe neswitshi, kunye neprinta yenethiwekhi Ukuba esinye isixhobo esixhunyiwe sithumela ulwazi ukuprinta uxwebhu, olo lwazi akufuneki luye kwiadaptha yenethiwekhi yePC, kodwa kumshicileli ...
Usebenza njani utshintsho?
Uninzi lwenethiwekhi eziqhagamshelwe ngotshintsho zine inkwenkwezi yeenkwenkwezi. Oko kukuthi, xa usebenzisa i-Ethernet LAN ubumbeko luya kusetyenziswa apho zonke izixhobo zidityaniswe kwiswitshi ophambili.
Njengoko benditshilo, yenza ngokutshintsha Enkosi kwisekethe kunye neprosesa. Ke ngoko, baya kuthumela iipakethi zenethiwekhi ngesiphumo esifanelekileyo. Isixhobo ngasinye esixhunyiwe asizukufumana into efanayo njengehabhu, kodwa sinokwenza ngokungathi zonke zixhunyiwe kwi-router ngokuzimeleyo.
Le yindlela oyifumana ngayo ukwanda kwenethiwekhi kukwanda ukudibanisa izixhobo ezingaphezulu. Into eluncedo kakhulu kwizixhobo ezixhumeneyo emakhayeni, eziofisini, nakwiinkampani ezinkulu.
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ungagcina i- bandwidth ephezulu, kuba kutshintsho idatha aluphindaphindwa kwizibuko ngalinye njengakwindawo apho ii-node ezimbini zizama ukunxibelelana. Iswitshi iya kusebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC kwisixhobo ngasinye esiqhagamshelwe ukuyichonga, kwaye ke idlulise idatha phakathi kwendawo yokuthumela kunye node yokufumana ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwihabhu isantya sahlengahlengiswa saphantsi kwezantya izixhobo ezixhumeneyo xa usasaza phakathi kwazo. Akunjalo kwelinye icala ...
Ndifuna ntoni ukutshintshela i-Ethernet?
Umsebenzi osisiseko ngu Joyina okanye uqhagamshele izixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi. Kodwa akufuneki uyiphambanise nomzila, kuba iswitshi ye-Ethernet ayiboneleli ngoqhagamshelo kwezinye iinethiwekhi okanye kwi-Intanethi. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba izixhobo zinokudityaniswa kwi-Intanethi, iswitshi kufuneka ixhunywe kwi-router.
Kodwa xa uqhagamshela izixhobo ezininzi zenethiwekhi ngotshintsho, unokwenza izinto ezinje:
- Yabelana ngedatha phakathi kweekhompyuter ezininzi ezixhumeneyo.
- Sebenzisa iiprinta zenethiwekhi.
- Yenza i-router inqunyelwe kumazibuko ukuze yabelane ngonxibelelwano lwayo kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ngakumbi ngenxa yokutshintsha ukwandisa inani lamazibuko akhoyo.
Ewe, ukuba uqhagamshela iswitshi kwi-router yakho, Gcina ukhumbula ukuba isantya sonxibelelwano Zonke izixhobo ezixhunyiwe ziya kuncitshiswa sisantya senethiwekhi yakho. Oko kukuthi, iswitshi iya kwabelana ngesantya se-Intanethi, kodwa ayizukuphindaphinda ...
Iindidi zokutshintsha kwe-Ethernet
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha kwe-Ethernet kwintengiso. Ezona zibalaseleyo zezi:
- desktop: zezona zisisiseko, ngaphandle kokongezwa. Zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya. Ngokwesiqhelo banezibuko eli-4 ukuya kwelesi-8. Izantya zabo zihlala ziyi-1/10/100 Mbps, esebenza ngohlobo lwesiqingatha-duplex kunye ne-duplex epheleleyo.
- Umjikelezo ongalawulekiyo- Isetyenziselwa uthungelwano oluncinci oluphakathi. Zikhudlwana kwaye zibiza kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukongeza, banokuba nokusuka kumazibuko ama-4 ukuya kuma-24 kwezinye iimeko. Izantya zayo zi-10/100 Mbps ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1Gbps.
- Umjikelezo olawulwayo: ziyafana nezangaphambili, kodwa kwinethiwekhi yokusebenza okuphakathi / okukhulu. Amazibuko alo aqala kwi-16 ukuya kuma-48, kwaye inesantya esiphezulu sokumiselwa kolawulo lomntu.
- Iziqu eziphakathi kwezibonelelo: zisetyenziselwa uthungelwano oluphakathi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nemisebenzi ephambili. Ezinye zinokufikelela kwisantya se-10Gbps.
- Iziqu zokusebenza eziphezulu: zisetyenziselwa iiseva ezinkulu zeziko ledatha kunye ne-supercomputing (HPC). Ziyabiza kakhulu kwaye zihambele phambili, ubungakanani bazo bukhulu kakhulu, kwaye zibonelela ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuthenga iingcebiso zokutshintsha kwe-Ethernet
ukuba khetha iswitshi elungileyo ye-Ethernet, Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo inani lembono. Ukujonga ezi paramitha, ukuthengwa kufanele kube yimpumelelo, ngaphandle kokumangalisa okanye ukuphazamisa isixhobo osithengileyo ngenxa yayo nayiphi na imiqobo.
Olona tshintsho luLungileyo
Ukuba ufuna isixhobo esinokuthenjwa nesithatha ixesha xa umthwalo uza kuba mkhulu, kuya kufuneka ujonge ezona mveliso zilungileyo. Ngaphandle koko, unokukhathazeka ngakumbi ngama-glitches kunokuba unandipha oko kukunikezelayo.
Las eyona brand Ezindicebisayo ziCisco, Netgear, TP-Link, D-Link, Juniper, kunye ne-ASUS. Zonke zinikezela ngeempawu ezintle kakhulu. Ke ukuba ukhetha nayiphi na imodeli yabo, akufuneki ube neengxaki ezininzi ngexesha lokusebenzisa kwabo.
Isantya
La speed Iswitshi ye-Ethernet isenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisixhobo, kodwa kuya kufuneka usoloko ucinga ngento oyifunayo ngokwesicelo oza kusisebenzisa kuso. Umzekelo, ayifani ukusebenzisa utshintsho lwe-Ethernet kwiserver, kunasekhaya.
Ngokuqinisekileyo sele uyazi ukuba ikhona I-Ethernet, i-Ethernet ekhawulezayo, iGigabit Ethernet, njl. Ekhaya naseofisini, iGigabit Ethernet (1000BASET-T) kufuneka yanele, kuba isantya esifikelela kwi-1 Gbps siyaphunyezwa. Ilungele ubuninzi beeapps kunye nokudlala. Endaweni yoko, i-10 Gigabit (10GbE) okanye ngaphezulu iya kufuneka kwishishini nakwezinye iinethiwekhi zomsebenzi ophezulu.
Este uhlobo lobuchwephesha okanye imigangatho Abachaphazeli isantya kuphela, kodwa kunye nohlobo lwendlela edluliselwa ngayo, ubude beentambo, njl. Umzekelo:
- IINKCUKACHA-T-Imigangatho ye-Ethernet isebenzisa ikhebula le-UTP ye-cat3 engafakwanga sixhobo se-RJ-45. I-10 ibonisa ukuba ixhasa isantya se-Mbps ezili-10. Ngaphezulu kunokubangela iingxaki.
- 1000BASET-TX: ibizwa ngokuba yi-Fast Ethernet, oko kukuthi, ngesantya esifikelela kwi-100Mbps. Sebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-cat5, cat5e, kunye ne-cat6 UTP cable, enobude obukhulu beemitha ezili-100.
- 1000BASE-TSebenzisa i-UTB cat5 okanye i-cabling ephezulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yeemitha ubude. Isantya kule meko zii-1000 Mbps okanye, yintoni enye, 1Gbps.
- I-100BASE-FX: Kufana ne-100BASE-T, kodwa kwi-fiber optic cabling. Kule meko ubude bufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-412.
- I-1000BASE-X: Ifana ne-1000BASE-T, kodwa ngentambo yefayibha. Uya kufumana amanqaku amancinci, anje nge-SX, LX, EX, ZX, kunye ne-CX, ngokwahluka okuncinci. Kuxhomekeke kuloo nto, banokubakho ukusuka kwiimitha ezingama-25 kubude bekhebula, ukuya nakwiikhilomitha.
- 10GbE: ikwabizwa ngokuba yiXGbE. Ngamaqendwana aliqela anokuxhasa zombini intambo ye-UTP kunye nefayibha yokukhanya kwisantya se-10Gbps.
Kukho imigangatho kunye neenguqulelo, kodwa ezi zezinye zezona zidumileyo phakathi kwezixhobo ozifunayo ekhaya okanye eofisini.
Ukuxinana kwezibuko
Njengoko ubonile, ayizizo zonke iimodeli zokutshintsha ze-Ethernet ezinenani elifanayo lamazibuko. Kukho 4 ukuya kweshumi kubo. Oku kubalulekile xa ukhetha ekunene, kuba kuya kufuneka ubone kwangaphambili inani lezibuko ekufuneka udibanise kuzo ukuze ube nazo zonke.
Ungasoloko uthenga iswitshi yesibini ye-Ethernet ukuba ulahlekile, kodwa ayisiyiyo eyona ye-optical. Ke cinga ngazo zonke izixhobo oza kuzidibanisa, zombini izixhobo ezenzekelayo ekhaya, i-IoT, ii-PC, iiprinta zenethiwekhi, njl. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ube nezibuko elingaqhelekanga ukusindisa xa uthatha isigqibo sokwandisa i-repertoire yakho yezixhobo kwixa elizayo.
Akufanele uthenge iswitshi ngamazibuko amaninzi kakhulu.Kuba ixabiso layo lihlala liphezulu kakhulu kwaye uzakube udlala ngemali ongenakukwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Ke, yima kwaye uvavanye eyona nto uyifunayo.
Ngendlela, Olunye utshintsho phakathi kunye nasekupheleni kokugqibela lubonelela ngamazibuko emodyuli ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwezibuko. Oko kukuvumela ukuba uthenge iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo zezibuko kwaye ke ulungelelanise naluphi na uhlobo. Umzekelo, unokufaka iimodyuli ze-fiber optic, okanye iimodyuli ze-RJ-45, ze-RJ-11, njl.
Kutshintsho oluphela sele beze namazibuko ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zamanqanaba aphezulu ngokunjalo. Kodwa ukuba udibana nenye yezi zibuko zeemodyuli, kuya kufuneka uyazi loo nto kukho ii-GBICs (Gigabit Interface Converter) yeentambo ze-UTP kwiGigabit Ethernet; y iSFP (Ifomathi encinci yeFom Pocketable), okanye i-mini-GBIC, esetyenziselwa iGigabit okanye i-10GbE ngentambo okanye ngentambo ye-UTP.
Ulawulo
Xa ndibonisile iintlobo zotshintsho lwe-Ethernet, ukwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhona ilawulwa kwaye ingalawuleki. Ewe, ezo zilawulwayo zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zivumela amandla amakhulu oqwalaselo. Ngelixa ezi zokugqibela zitshiphu kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okukhulu.
Ukungalawuleki kunye nokungabizi kakhulu, kuza nokucwangciswa okungagqibekanga esele kusekwe kumzi mveliso. Oku kuyakudibanisa ngokulula kwaye kuqalise ukusebenza, ngaphandle kokuba wenze nantoni na. Ihlale kamnandi, kunye nezicetyiswayo kubantu abangenalo nofifi kuseto lwenethiwekhi.
Kodwa ukuba ufuna enye into, inokulawuleka ine-firmware esezingeni eliphambili onokuyenza qwalasela ngobuninzi beempawu (I-CLI, i-SNMP, i-VLAN, ukuhanjiswa kwe-IP, i-IGMP Ukuqokelela, ukudibanisa, QoS,…). Ukongeza, ungawunciphisa umda wendlela kunye nokwenza ezinye iinkqubo eziza kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Kungenxa yoko le nto zilungele iingcali okanye iinethiwekhi eziphambili.
Okwangoku kukho ezinye itshintshela smart ezivumela ukulawula ezinye izinto ngexabiso eliphakathi phakathi kokungalawulekiyo nokulawuleka. Zilungile kakhulu kumakhaya anamhlanje afuna okungaphezulu kunoko kunganikezelwayo, kodwa ngexabiso eliphantsi.
firmware
Xa ukhetha into engalawulekiyo, i-firmware ibaluleke kancinci. Kwelinye icala, xa kufikwa kutshintsho lwe-Ethernet ethe kratya, kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba i-firmware ilungile. Kwaye ngakumbi ukuba umboneleli wezixhobo zenethiwekhi uyayigcina kakuhle, oko kukuthi, ukuba uyihlaziya rhoqo.
Omnye phucula i-firmware ayikuvumeli kuphela ukongeza eminye imisebenzi njengoko abanye abantu becinga. Yinto enokulungisa ukuba semngciphekweni okuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwe-rd yakho, ukulungisa iimpazamo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhompyuter, okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezinye iimeko.
Ezinye iinkalo
Okokugqibela kananjalo Kuya kufuneka uthathe ezinye izinto ezingaphezulu ukuba ezinye iimodeli zotshintsho lwenethiwekhi zinazo. Ezona zibalulekileyo zezi:
- Ubungakanani bebufferI-buffer sisilondolozi, uhlobo lwe-cache egcina idatha ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elithile. Le yindlela ephuculwa ngayo intsebenzo. Kwimeko yotshintsho oluthile, banazo ezi nkumbulo zigcina izakhelo eziza kuthunyelwa kwizibuko elithile. Ukongeza, oku kuvumela ukutshintshwa kwe-Ethernet ukuba idlulise phakathi kwezixhobo ezisebenza ngesantya esahlukileyo ngaphandle kokucothisa, igcina kuphela idatha kule memori ngelixa isixhobo esicothayo sinexesha lokufumana kwakhona idatha ngesantya sayo. Qinisekisa ukuba iswitshi sinesakhono esifanelekileyo kwezi nkumbulo zethutyana ukuba uza kusebenzisa izixhobo ngesantya esahlukileyo ...
- PoE (Amandla ngaphezulu kwe-Ethernet) kunye ne-PoE +: ezi ziitekhnoloji ezixhaswe lutshintsho oluthile kwaye ezivumela amandla ombane ekufuneka ezi zixhobo zisebenze ukuze zinikezelwe ngentambo efanayo ye-LAN. Oko kukuthi, abanakufuna intambo yombane eyahlukileyo. Oku akubalulekanga, kodwa kunokuba kuhle kwiimeko apho iswitshi ye-Ethernet kufuneka ifakwe endaweni ngaphandle kweziseko.
- I-SDN (iNethiwekhi-ichaze iNethiwekhi): iseti yeendlela zenethiwekhi zokuphumeza iinethiwekhi zesoftware. Okwangoku owona mgangatho uvulekileyo usetyenziswa ngokubanzi yi-OpenFlow. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqwalasele iinethiwekhi, ulawule indlela yedatha ekufuneka ilandelwe ziipakethi, ulawulo olukude, njl. Ayisiyonto ifunekayo kumakhaya nakwiiofisi ezininzi, kodwa yinto xa ufuna ukumisela iinethiwekhi eziphambili ngakumbi.