Uyifaka njani iBhokisi yeVirtual ku-Ubuntu
Kule ngoku tutorial kumda we UkuSebenza kweeNkqubo eziSebenzayo siya kujongana nofakelo lweyona yaziwa kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu Izixhobo zokusebenza umnxeba «Ibhokisi eyiyo». Kwaye ke, malunga nenye yezona ziyaziwa kakhulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu Iinkqubo ezisebenza simahla kwaye zivulekilekubizwa «Ubuntu».
Kutheni i-Virtual Box? Kungenxa yokuba phakathi kwezizathu ezininzi ezifanelekileyo okanye iingongoma ezintle, kunjalo iqonga leqela y iilwimi ezininzi. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa ngokulula kangangoko isisombululo sobunyani beshishini ngokobuqu. Kwaye ngu isoftware evulekile enophuhliso oluqinileyo noluqhubekayo, kunye nenani elikhulu leempawu kunye nemisebenzi enika ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kunye nozinzo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale esi sifundo «Ibhokisi ebonakalayo ku-Ubuntu», siya kushiya abo banomdla wokuhlola kamva, ezinye zethu Izithuba zangaphambili ezinxulumene noko malunga «Ubuntu kunye neLinux» ngokubanzi, amakhonkco alandelayo kubo. Ukuze bakwenze ngokulula, ukuba ufuna ukwandisa okanye ukomeleza ulwazi lwakho kule ngongoma, ekupheleni kokufunda olu papasho:
"Ubuntu (endaweni yeLinux), isinika ujongano ezimbini ezisivumelayo ukuba sisebenzisane nenkqubo yokusebenza: umgca womyalelo kunye nomzobo. Ukuba usebenzise iMacOS rhoqo iminyaka, uya kwazi ukuba uninzi lwemiyalelo ekhoyo, inkqubo yokusebenza yeApple yeekhompyuter zedesktop isekwe (inxalenye) kwi-Unix, iyafana okanye iyafana kakhulu.. " Ungayikhupheli njani inkqubo ku-Ubuntu
Uyifaka njani iBhokisi yeVirtual ku-Ubuntu ngempumelelo?
Uyifaka njani iBhokisi yeVirtual ku-Ubuntu ngempumelelo?
Kuba, ihlala ilungile ngaphambili faka kwaye usebenzise nayiphi na isoftware (inkqubo) Ukwazi kangangoko sinakho malunga nayo, ngezantsi siza kujongana ngokufutshane nenkqubo nganye kwezi zi-2 esiya kuthi sizisebenzisele isifundo:
Yintoni iBhokisi eyiVirtual?
Ngokwakho website esemthethweni, «Ibhokisi eyiyo» ikwabizwa ngokuba I-Oracle VM VirtualBox Ichazwe ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
"I-VirtualBox yinjongo epheleleyo egqibeleleyo ye-virtualizer ye-x86 hardware, eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiiseva, iidesktops, kunye neekhompyuter ezizinzisiweyo.. "
Nangona kunjalo, kwiwebhusayithi yabo epheleleyo bachaza oku kulandelayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi:
"I-VirtualBox yimveliso enamandla ye-x86 kunye ne-AMD64 / Intel64 yoshishino kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhaya. I-VirtualBox ayisiyiyo kuphela into enobutyebi kunye nemveliso ephezulu yokusebenza kubathengi beshishini, ikwayisisombululo kuphela sobuchwephesha esifumaneka simahla njengesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo phantsi kwemigaqo yeGNU General Public License (GPL) uguqulelo 2.. "
Iimpawu zangoku
- Inokuqhutywa kwiWindows, Linux, Macintosh kunye neSolaris: Kwiinkcukacha ezithe vetshe iyahambelana Windows (NT 4.0, 2000, XP, Server 2003, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10), DOS / Windows 3.x, Linux (2.4, 2.6, 3.x kunye 4 .x) , Solaris kunye ne-OpenSolaris, i-OS / 2 kunye ne-OpenBSD.
- Uphuhliso lwayo lusebenza kakhulu kwaye lunikezela ngokukhutshwa rhoqo: Ngokuhamba kwexesha iquka izinto ezininzi, iinkqubo zokusebenza zeendwendwe ezixhaswayo kunye namaqonga anokuthi asebenze kuwo. Ukongezelela, uphuhliso lwayo lunoluntu olukhulu, oluthi luxhaswe yinkampani ye-Oracle. Inkampani eqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlala ihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yobungcali.
- Sisicelo sokwenza izinto ezininzi zeplatformInokuthi isebenze kwiikhompyuter ezikhoyo ze-Intel okanye ze-AMD-based, phantse nayiphi na iNkqubo yokuSebenza yale mihla, kwaye ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezincinci ezizinzisiweyo okanye oomatshini bodidi lwedesktop ukuya kumaziko edatha kunye neendawo zamafu. Ukongeza, ikuvumela ukuba ufake kwaye uqhube oomatshini abaninzi beVirtual (VM) njengoko kufuneka. Ekuphela kwemida esebenzayo yindawo yedisk kunye nememori.
Yintoni Ubuntu?
Ngokwakho website esemthethweni, «Ubuntu» ikwabizwa ngokuba Ubuntu Desktop o Ubuntu Umncedisi Ichazwe ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
“INkqubo yokuSebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo yeedesktops, iilaptops, iiseva kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nezixhobo."
Nangona kunjalo, kwiwebhusayithi yabo bongeza oku kulandelayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi:
"Okwangoku, i-Ubuntu Desktop igcina iinguqulelo ezi-2 ezizinzileyo, inguqulo ye-20.04.X LTS ebandakanya inkxaso yexesha elide (iNkxaso yeXesha elide) kunye nenguqulo ye-21.10.X enezona zicelo zanamhlanje kunye neempawu ezinokwenzeka.. "
Iimpawu zangoku zoBuntu 21.10 (Impish Indri)
- Ibandakanya i-Kernel 5.13: Enikezela ngenkxaso ye-hardware entsha kunye nezinye ezingaphantsi, ezifana ne-Intel kunye ne-AMD chips ezizayo, ezifana ne-Intel Alderlake S okanye i-AMD Adebaran; Iilaptops zeMicrosoft Surface 356 kunye neetafile, inkxaso yeRudimentary yeApple M1 kunye noluhlu olubanzi lolungiso lwebug.
- Ibandakanya uhlaziyo olutsha kwi-Toolchain: Ezi ziquka i-GCC version 11.2.0, i-binutils 2.37, kunye ne-glibc 2.34. Kwakhona, LLVM 13, Golang 1.17.x, kunye Rustc 1.51.
- Yongeza uphuculo lokhuseleko olunomdla: Njengomzekelo lowo, ngoku iNftables ngoku iyindawo engasemva engagqibekanga yefirewall.
- Dibanisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezihlaziyiweyo: Phakathi kwazo kukho iFirefox 93, iThunderbird: 91.1.2, kunye neLibreOffice 7.2.1.2.
Iindlela zofakelo ezikhoyo
Ukucaca ukuza kuthi ga apha, kwaye ngendlela eshwankathela kakhulu eyona iyimfuneko malunga «Ibhokisi ebonakalayo kunye Ubuntu» siya kuqala ukuchaza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufakela kunye nokusetyenziswa Ibhokisi ebonakalayo ku-Ubuntu.
Ivenkile yeeSoftware
Le ndlela yokuqala inokuqwalaselwa njengeyona nto ilula kwaye ikhawuleza. Kuba, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukwenza ifayile Ubuntu Software Store Ngokusebenzisa Imenyu yokuSebenzisa. Kwaye nje ukuba iVenkile yeSoftware iqalile, cofa isimboli yeglasi yokukhulisa kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene ukuze ubonise Ibha yokuKhangela yeSicelo. Sele sikhona, siqhubeka nokubhala VirtualBox ukusibonisa loo nkqubo.
Nje ukuba uphendlo lucinezelwe «I-VirtualBox» kwiscreen esilandelayo, okushiyekileyo kukucofa iqhosha Faka iqhosha kwaye ulinde yonke inkqubo ukugqiba. Ngoku qhutywa emva koko, inkqubo esuka kwi Imenyu yokuSebenzisa. Njengoko kubonisiwe kule mifanekiso ilandelayo:
Ukhuphelo lweSifakeli ngokuthe ngqo
Kule ndlela yesibini yokuphawula, kufuneka siye kwi icandelo leLinux loKhuphelo lweBhokisi yeVirtual ukuqhubeka ukwehlisa i isifakeli kwi ".deb format". Yiyiphi ifanele ukuba, inguqulelo ekhoyo kwaye ehambelana noguqulelo lwethu lwe "Ubuntu", njengoko kubonisiwe apho. Umzekelo, ukukhuphela i-installer ye Ubuntu 19.10/20.04/20.10/21.04 kufuneka nje cofa apha.
Yakube ikhutshiwe inokufakwa ngomzobo nabanye Umphathi wephakheji ifakwe njenge Gdebi okanye ngeterminal (Console) ngokulandelayo umyalelo wokuyalela:
«sudo apt install ./Descargas/virtualbox-6.1_6.1.30-148432~Ubuntu~eoan_amd64.deb»
Nje ukuba inyathelo liphunyeziwe, kufuneka ulinde kuphela inkqubo yonke ukuba igqibe, kwaye emva koko uphumeze inkqubo Imenyu yokuSebenzisa. Njengoko kubonisiwe kule mifanekiso ilandelayo:
Indawo yokugcina esemthethweni
Le ndlela yesithathu kunye neyokugqibela ekuza kuxutyushwa ngayo inokuqwalaselwa njengeyona nto ide kwaye inzima kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iyona nto ifanelekileyo. Ukusukela, sikhuphela iifayile zomthombo ngokuthembekileyo nakwiinguqulelo zabo zamva nje kwiindawo zokugcina ze «Oracle VM VirtualBox ». Ukuqala eli nyathelo, kufuneka siye kwakhona kwi icandelo leLinux loKhuphelo lweBhokisi yeVirtual kwaye ulandele le miyalelo ingezantsi.
Ngamafutshane, ezi zezi zilandelayo:
- Vula i-terminal yethu kwaye uhlele i ifayile "sources.list" zicwangciswe kwi indlela "/ etc / apt /" ukufaka isiphelo sayo ngomgca olandelayo:
«deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian eoan contrib»
- Nje ukuba utshintsho lugcinwe kwifayile ifayile "sources.list" lo myalelo ulandelayo kufuneka wenziwe ukongeza isitshixo sovimba we «Oracle VM VirtualBox »:
«wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -»
- Ukuba yonke into iphumelele ukuza kuthi ga apha, kushiyeka kuphela ukwenza le miyalelo ilandelayo ngokulandelelana okufanayo:
«sudo apt update»
«sudo apt install virtualbox-6.1»
- Okokugqibela, kwaye kwimeko apho imiyalelo yangaphambili iphunyeziwe ngempumelelo, singenza ngoku I-Oracle VM VirtualBox ukusuka kwiMenyu yezicelo.
Kwaye ukuze yonke into echazwe ngasentla icace ngakumbi, ngezantsi siza kubona imifanekiso ehambelana noko kuchazwe:
Iingcebiso
Njengoko kunokubonwa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku siyigqibile injongo yoku Isifundo kwi "Indlela yokufaka iBhokisi yeVirtual ku-Ubuntu". Ihlala kuphela njengengcebiso, khuphela ifayile I-Oracle VM VirtualBox yoLwandiso lwePakethe kwaye wongeze kuyo Ibhokisi eyiyoucofa apha.
Ifayile I-Oracle VM VirtualBox yoLwandiso lwePakethe yongezwa yi Ukhetho Lokukhetha (Iqhosha), engulowo uhambelana nomfanekiso wokugqibela obonisiweyo. Ukuqala ukukhuphela iifayile ze-ISO kwiiNkqubo zethu zokuSebenza esizithandayo kwaye wenze i Oomatshini bokwenyani (MV) kuyimfuneko ukubavavanya kwaye bafunde ngakumbi.
Kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, njani Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuziqhelanisa kakuhle, ifayile kufuneka ifakwe Izindwendwe zeNdwendwe zeViltualBox kumatshini ngamnye weVirtual (VM) owenziweyo. Ekubeni, le yi-a iphakheji yesoftware ekhethekileyo (abalawuli kunye nezicelo) eziyinxalenye ye-VirtualBox kwaye idibaniswe kwi-VM nganye ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokongeza imisebenzi emitsha.
Ukongeza, iyafumaneka kwi-CD-ROM umfanekiso phantsi kwegama VBoxGuestAdditions.iso. Umfanekiso ekufuneka unyuswe kwi-VM nganye njenge-CD drive yokuwahlohla ukusuka kuyo.
Kwaye ukugqiba, mhlawumbi kwikamva elikufutshane siza kube sisenza enye Isifundo kwiinketho kunye noseto del "Ibhokisi ebonakalayo", ekubeni zininzi yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha kongezelelwa ngakumbi.
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, "Ibhokisi ebonakalayo" y "Ubuntu" zigqwesileyo, ezisebenzayo kwaye zilula indibaniselwano. Ngokukodwa xa ufuna i Inkqubo yokusebenza yasimahla nevulekileyo, ukukhanya, izinzile kwaye isebenza kakhulu. Ukuze kuveliswe Oomatshini ababonakalayo ngokusebenzisa i isixhobo sokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo.
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