Kwi-computing, uninzi lwesigama esisetyenzisiweyo ayizange iguqulelwe kwiSpanish okanye naluphi na olunye ulwimi, kusetyenziswa rhoqo isigama semveli, apho phantse i-100% yamatyala ivela kwisiNgesi. RAM, Motherboard, ROM, HD, Socket, BIOS eminye imizekelo.
Nangona kunjalo, sinokufumana njengamanye amacandelo ukuba aguqulelwe njengoko kunjalo hard drive, motherboard, memory… Kweli nqaku siza kugxila kwiSocket, ukuba elo gama belinokuguqulelwa njengesokethi, into eliyiyo ngokwenene.
Yintoni iSocket
Ibhodi yomama kwikhompyuter, yibhodi apho icandelo ngalinye lidityanisiwe eyenza izixhobo zekhompyutha, ezifana ne-RAM, uqhagamshelo kwi-hard drive, ikhadi lemizobo kunye nezinye izixhobo, kunye nokubandakanya uqhagamshelwano lwe-USB oluhambelanayo.
Ukongeza, ikwabandakanya i-socket, leyo, njengoko ndibonisile ngasentla, isokhethi kwikhompyuter (eli gama likwasetyenziswa kwaye i-intanethi) ayikho enye into. i-socket okanye i-slot apho iprosesa ikhona. Ngale ndlela, sinokuhlaziya iprosesa yezixhobo zethu enye ehambelana nesokhethi efanayo, kuba ayithengiswanga.
Iziseko zibandakanya ezinye iikliphu zokugcina ezisebenzisa amandla angatshintshiyo ade afake kwipleyiti. Ezi ziqeshana zenzelwe ukunqanda ukugoba izikhonkwane zeprosesa ngeli xesha zifakwe kwisokethi, kuba, ukuba oko kuyenzeka, siya kunyanzelwa ukuba sisebenzise intsimbi yokuthambisa njengoko ingenakutshintshwa.
Isokethi edityanisiweyo okanye enokutshintshwa
Iisokethi ze-CPU zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi iidesktop kunye nabancedisi, ekubeni ivumela ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwayo ngokutshintsha iprosesa kuphela, ngaphandle kokutshintsha ibhodi yonke.
Kwiikhompyuter eziphathwayo, iprosesa ithengiswa kwisokethi, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuyihlaziya. Kwenzeka okufanayo kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, nangona kule ntsimi kukho imizamo enomdla yokuba, ngelishwa, ayizange idume.
Njengoko ukuxinana kwephini kusanda kwiisokethi zanamhlanje, ukwanda kweemfuno kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa yeebhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo, ezivumela ukuba inani elikhulu lezibonakaliso zithunyelwe kumacandelo.
Iteknoloji yokuvelisa isekelwe kwi-5, 7, 10 nanometers evumela yongeza ezinye ii-transistors kwiiprosesa. Okukhona lisezantsi elo nani, kokukhona iitransistors zingongeza kwiprosesa kusetyenziswa indawo enye.
Uninzi lweziseko esinokuzifumana kwimarike, ziyilelwe kudityaniswe ukuba zibekwe ecaleni kwe heatsink ubushushu, obunciphisa ubushushu beprosesa xa isebenza ngamandla aphezulu.
Kunye ne-heat sink, ifakwe kwakhona, kwisixhobo esinamandla kakhulu, enye okanye abalandeli abaninzi ukunceda ukusebenza kweprosesa epholileyo kwaye ithintele ukuba ime okwethutyana okanye ngokusisigxina xa ubushushu buphakama ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
Yenzelwe ntoni isiseko?
Isokethi ekwibhodi yomama yekhompyuter yethu yedesktop iyasivumela ukuba senze njalo fakela iprosesa ebhodini. Iprosesa yi-injini eyimfuneko kwikhompyuter ukuba ibe neenzuzo ezininzi okanye ezincinci. Ukuba iprosesa iyawa phantsi kwamandla, sinokuyibuyisela enye ukuba nje iyahambelana.
Ngokomzekelo: I-injini ye-petroli ye-1,6-litre (leyo kwimeko yethu iya kuba yi-CPU / iprosesa) ayisiniki amandla afanayo njenge-injini ye-petroli ye-2-litre, nangona zombini zisebenzisa i-bodywork efanayo (leyo kule meko iya kuba yi-motherboard) .
Ayizizo zonke iiprosesa ezihambelana nazo zonke iibhodi ayizizo zonke iibhodi ezihambelanayo nazo zonke iiprosesa. Kwimarike sinokufumana inani elikhulu labavelisi be-motherboard kodwa abavelisi ababini kuphela: Intel kunye ne-AMD.
Ngamaxesha ngamaxesha, izizukulwana ezitsha zeprosesa zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesokethi, ngoko awukwazi ukusebenzisa ibhodi endala eneprosesa yesizukulwana samva nje.
Kungenxa yokuba ibhodi kufuneka ihambelane neteknoloji yeprosesa ukukwazi ukulisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo.
Kwakhona, iisokethi ezixhaswayo nabaqhubekekisi be-AMD abaxhaswanga yi-Intel kwaye ngokuphambeneyo, kuba ngabavelisi beprosesa ngokwabo abayila iziseko zeebhodi zomama.
I-socket ithengiswa kwi-motherboard, ngoko ke le nto ayinakutshintshwa ngomnye ngokungathi sinokwenza kunye neeprosesa. Ukuba sifuna ukuhlaziya iprosesa yezixhobo zethu zekhompyuter, kufuneka sithenge iprosesa ehambelana nesokethi, kwaye kufuneka isuke kumvelisi ofanayo nomqhubekekisi.
Iindidi zokudityaniswa kweesokethi
I-Scocket LGA
Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambele phambili kuyilo lweprosesa, udidi loqhagamshelo nalo luye lwavela, ukuze unikeze ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukudibanisa okungcono kunye nokukwazi ukunika amandla amakhulu.
Uqhagamshelwano I-DIP okanye i-DIL (ipakethe ekwimigca emibini), yayiyeyokuqala esetyenziswe kunye ne-Intel 8088 kunye ne-8088, kunye nemigca emibini ehambelanayo yezikhonkwane ezinoxande ezifake i-socket. Olu hlobo lwesokhethi lusasetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso ezinobuchwepheshe obulula kakhulu, nangona kuya kuba nzima ukuzifumana.
Kamva unxibelelwano lwasetyenziswa I-PLCC (i-leadless chip carrier) kunye ne-Intel 80186, i-80286 kunye ne-80836, i-chip eneengcebiso ze-pin engqukuva kwaye yayipakishwe nge-ceramic ukugcina ubushushu bulawulwa.
Udibaniso lwePGA (pin uluhlu lwegridi, I-Pin Grid Matrix) yenziwe ngezikhonkwane zentsimbi ezincinci ezisasazeke kuyo yonke iprosesa. Iprosesa yokuqala enolu hlobo loqhagamshelwano yayiyi-Intel 80486 ngo-1989 kwaye kamva yasetyenziswa yi-AMD.
BGA uhlobo imidibaniso (uluhlu lwegridi yebhola, uluhlu lwegridi yebhola) zenziwe ngezikhonkwane ezincinci ezinesetyhula ngokwemilo ezibekwe kwisokethi. Olu xhulumaniso lungena kwimingxuma kwi-CPU kwaye lulungiswe ngokuthengiswa, ngoko alukwazi ukutshintshwa.
Uqhagamshelo lodidi lwe-LGA (uluhlu lwegridi yomhlaba, igridi yoqhagamshelwano lwematrix) yenziwe ngeendlela zoqhagamshelwano ezilingana phakathi kwezo ze-CPU kunye nezo zesokethi. Olu luhlobo loqhagamshelwano olusetyenziswa ngoku kwiiprosesa ezininzi zangoku. Yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngo-2012 kunye ne-Intel Xeon