Ukuba sithetha ngeekhompyuter okanye itekhnoloji yolwazi, akunakuphepheka ukuba namagama amabini aphambili etafileni: Izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye neSoftware, i-binomial eyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo ukuze uphile amava omsebenzisi esinawo ngoku.
Nangona zihlala ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo lwetekhnoloji, zinjalo yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto siza kucazulula nganye kuzo, sichaze ukuba yintoni na equlathe kuyo, yintoni umsebenzi ezinayo kunye nokuba yeyiphi na iyantlukwano esinokuyifumana.
Yintoni Hardware, kunye nemizekelo
Igama elithi Hardware wabona ukukhanya kwi Ngama-50 ukusuka kwisandla seqela leenjineli zekhompyuter ukubhekisa kumalungu omzimba esinokuwafumana kwikhompyuter, ke yonke into ebonakalayo iya kuwa ngaphakathi kweli qela.
Nguye isiseko isiseko apho isoftware isekelwe khona ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza kwaye iqala ukuvela ngo-1945 umsebenzi wayo wawusekelwe kwiityhubhu ze-vacuum. Yabo indaleko ibisoloko ihleli, ukufumana umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamacandelo okuqala kunye noko sikhoyo namhlanje.
Ngaphakathi kwengcamango jikelele ye-Hardware, sinokwenza amaqela amancinci amabini anokuba ngawo izinto zangaphakathi, eziya kubandakanya abo bakhoyo ngaphakathi kwinqaba okanye i-laptop case kunye izinto zangaphandle, ezinokuba zezo zibekwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi kwaye zinokusetyenziswa okanye zifune isenzo somsebenzisi. Eli qela lokugqibela lihlala lifumaneka phantsi kwegama leeperipherals.
Ukuba sigxila kwi izinto zangaphakathi, singafumana olu luhlu lulandelayo:
- Iyunithi yokucubungula okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi-microprocessor
- Imemori ye-RAM
- ikhadi lemizobo okanye iGPU
- motherboard okanye motherboard
- Inkqubo yefriji
- Iiyunithi zokugcina
- Unikezelo lwamandla okanye iPSU
- Inethiwekhi okanye amakhadi omsindo
- iiyunithi zokufunda idisk
Kwimeko amacandelo angaphandle okanye eperipheral:
- Monitor
- Ikhibhodi
- Imouse
- Ii-headphones okanye ii-headsets
- Izithethi
- Webcams
- Ii-Joystick okanye iipads zokudlala
Kulo lonke uluhlu lwamacandelo, lawo akhoyo kubalulekile kumsebenzi yekhompyuter kunye nezinye eziya kuba ukukhetha kunye/okanye ukuhambelana.
Ungayitsho loo nto amacandelo amancinci Ezo zonke iikhompyuter kufuneka zikwazi ukuqalisa zezi: i-microprocessor, imemori ye-RAM, i-GPU (inokuba idityaniswe okanye inikezelwe), i-motherboard, iyunithi yokugcina (i-hard disk), ukunikezelwa kwamandla, ukubeka iliso, ikhibhodi kunye nemouse.
Makhe sibone ngakumbi ngokweenkcukacha nganye kwezi ndawo ziphambili.
Microprocessor okanye CPU
I-CPU sisishunqulelo se Icandelo lokuPhatha eliPhakathi kunye nokwenza ukuhambelana nomzimba wethu womntu, kuya kuba ingqondo yakhe yekhompyuter. Iyingxenye enzima kakhulu kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukucubungula yonke imiyalelo yesixhobo, zombini i-hardware kunye nesofthiwe.
Ubume bayo obuqhelekileyo busisikwere, budibene ngobukhulu kwaye bufakwe kwi-socket ye-motherboard. Kule nkalo, umenzi ngamnye kunye nesizukulwana ngasinye sinesokethi esahlukileyo esingahambelaniyo ngokubanzi kunye nangaphambili.
Ewe kunjalo, ukuba umsebenzi wakho kukucubungula idatha okanye imiyalelo, yimalini enamandla ngakumbi CPU yethu, ngokukhawuleza ikhompyutha iya kuqhuba.
Imemori ye-RAM
I-RAM ithetha Imemori yokufikelela ngokungaqhelekanga, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi Inkumbulo yofikelelo ngokungacwangciswanga. Kule meko sinako thelekisa nesihlunu ukuba izixhobo zethu ukusukela ukuba idatha yeenkqubo ezenziwayo okwangoku zibhalwe kuyo okwethutyana.
Isantya sokusebenza kwayo siphezulu kakhulu kwaye kubalulekile ukuba nesixa esiyimfuneko xa uqhuba iinkqubo okanye imidlalo kwikhompyuter yethu.
ikhadi lemizobo okanye iGPU
ICandelo loPhicotho lweMifanekiso okanye UIYunithi yokuLungiselela imizobo yintsingiselo yeGPU. Ukuba zii-purists, igama le-GPU libhekisa entliziyweni yekhadi lemizobo ngokwayo, nangona ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo ukubhekisa kwiseti yemizobo ekhoyo kwiqela lethu.
Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kuku nika umfanekiso okanye izakhi zegraphic ethathwe kumsebenzi wekhompyuter ngokwayo kwaye iwamele kwiscreen okanye esweni.
Sinokufumana iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zekhadi lemizobo, elaziwa ngokuba lizinikele okanye elihlanganisiweyo.
Kwimeko yokuqala, xa sithetha ngokuzinikezela sibhekisa kwikhadi lemizobo eliqhelekileyo elifakwe kwi-PCI slot kwi-motherboard yethu. Kwimeko edibeneyo, siya kufumana i-chip yegraphics egcinwe ecaleni kwe-microprocessor yethu okanye kwi-motherboard ngokwayo.
Ibhodi yomama
Ukukwazi ukuyibiza ngokuba yi-motherboard kusinika umbono wendalo kunye nokubaluleka kweli candelo. Ngaba isiseko apho ikhompyuter yenziwe yaza yaxhonywa. Inokufumaneka kwiisayizi ezininzi okanye iifomathi kwaye zibonelela ngobuninzi bokhetho kunye neempawu ezisisiseko zokusebenza kakuhle komatshini wethu.
Onke amacandelo oluhlu afakwe kuyo kwaye nguye osinika uthotho olupheleleyo iindawo zokubeka indawo esinokuthi ngayo sihlaziye, siphucule okanye senze ikhompuyutha yethu ibe namandla ngakumbi okanye sibe nomthamo omkhulu.
Inkqubo yefriji
Into ebaluleke kakhulu yinkqubo yokupholisa. Zonke izinto ezine-transistors kwikhompyuter yethu velisa ubushushu bomthamo. Phakathi kwazo, iijeneretha ezimbini eziphambili zobushushu zi microprocessor kunye nemizobo chip.
Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu anokubangela izixhobo zethu baleka kancinci kwaye kwimeko embi kakhulu, inokonakalisa amacandelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwisixhobo esinamandla athile, inkqubo ethile yokupholisa okanye i-heatsink idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-microprocessor.
Kweli candelo, sinokufumana iimodeli zomoya ezisisiseko okanye iiseti zokupholisa ulwelo eziphucukileyo. Kweli qela singabandakanya nabalandeli benqaba ngokwabo.
Iiyunithi zokugcina
Ukuze ufake isoftware siya kufuna izinto ezikwaziyo ukugcina ifayile idatha ngokusisigxina. Lo ngumsebenzi wee-hard drives esizifumana kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter, ithebhulethi okanye ifowuni ephathwayo.
Yinto esele iphuhla, iphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nesakhono kunye ne iteknoloji esetyenziswayo kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwayo, ngoko ke sinoomatshini oomatshini abanzima kunye ne-slid-state hard drives.
Unikezelo lwamandla okanye iPSU
Icandelo elihlala lingaqatshelwa kodwa lingabalulekanga kangako kulo ukuhambisa umbane. Yeyona isinika amandla kuwo onke amacandelo angaphakathi ekhompyuter kwaye ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwento nganye kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wayo, kunye nokuthembeka kwayo.
Umthombo womgangatho onesatifikethi samandla aphezulu awusayi kuqinisekisa kuphela unikezelo lwamandla olufanelekileyo kodwa kwakhona a ukhuseleko olupheleleyo ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamandla umzekelo, ngaloo ndlela sikhusela amalungu ethu.
iiyunithi zokufunda idisk
Nangona ngalo lonke ixesha bakhona ephelelwe lixesha, iiyunithi zokufunda zisekho kwimarike. Njengawo onke amanye amacandelo, baye balandela indaleko esele imile iminyaka embalwa ngenxa yembonakalo yezinye iindlela zokufaka idatha kwikhompyuter yethu.
Kweli qela sifumana i iifloppy drives, DVD kunye neBlueRay readers/recorders.
Yintoni isoftware kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo esinokuzifumana
Njenge Hardware, igama elithi Software laqala ukusetyenziswa kwi Ngama-50 kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngayo yonke into engena kwisethi yekhompyuter kodwa loo nto ayinakuchukunyiswa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye isetyenziswe.
Eli qela libandakanya yonke isethi ye iinkqubo okanye ukusetyenziswa abasebenzisa inkqubo yethu yonke ukusebenza, benxibelelana nehardware ukuyixelela ukuba yenze ntoni okanye isebenze njani. Ukuzivelela kwayo kunye nobuchule bayo buhamba kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-hardware.
Iintlobo zeSoftware
Kolu sapho lukhulu sikwafumana amaqela aliqela esinokuwahlanganisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Isoftware yenkqubo
Njengoko isihloko sibonisa, sibhekisa kwiinkqubo ezithi ukunxibelelana nenkqubo kwaye ngokwenza njalo usebenzise ulawulo kwi-Hardware. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo okanye abancedisi bangawela kweli qela.
Inkqubo yesoftware
Ezi ntlobo zeenkqubo ziyasivumela phuhlisa isicelo ngolwimi lwenkqubo.
Isoftware yesicelo
ezinikele ekwenzeni umsebenzi othile, ngokuzenzekelayo okanye uncediswa ngumsebenzisi, njengemidlalo yevidiyo.