Menene Hacking na ɗa'a kuma menene ya kunsa?
Labaran bayanai da fasaha na duniya yawanci cike suke da labarai game da bincike da cin gajiyar lallausan ababen more rayuwa, kayan aiki, tsare-tsare da shirye-shirye. Har ila yau, daga hare-haren kwamfuta, gazawar tsaro da ma abubuwan da suka faru ta yanar gizo tsakanin kasashe, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi jama'a da na sirri. Duk wannan labari yana kula da kiyaye gaye ko raye, zuwa ga al'adar dan gwanin kwamfuta. Wato duk abin da ya shafi Hacking Movement da Hackers. Amma sama da duka, ga abin da ke da alaƙa da "Da'a Hacking".
Kuma saboda? Domin kuwa, wannan fanni na fasahar bayanai ita ce ta ke tattare da nema, ta mafi yawa ƙwararrun masana IT, gano, hana, ragewa da warware kowane harin kwamfuta kafin ko bayan faruwarsa. A saboda wannan dalili, a yau za mu bincika kadan game da wannan yanki mai ban sha'awa na IT Hacking na ɗa'a.
Kuma kamar yadda aka saba, kafin mu zurfafa cikin wannan littafin na yanzu akan wani batu mai alaka da shi duniya hacker, musamman game da Hacking na ɗa'a, za mu bar wa masu sha'awar hanyoyin haɗi zuwa wasu daga cikin mu abubuwan da suka shafi baya tare da guda. Domin su yi shi cikin sauki, idan har suna son karawa ko karfafa iliminsu game da shi, a karshen karatun wannan littafin:
“Akwai masu amfani da yawa waɗanda ke mamakin yadda za su kare wayar hannu daga masu satar bayanai da sata, dabaru daban-daban guda biyu waɗanda a ƙarshe ke da alaƙa. Kuma a nan za mu nuna muku matakai da yawa masu amfani da inganci.” Yadda zan kare wayata daga masu satar bayanai da sata
Duk game da hacking na ɗa'a
Asalin hacking da hackers
Juyin Juya Halin Faransa
Kamar yadda yake da ma'ana kuma mai ma'ana, a cikin wasu wallafe-wallafen da ake da su ana ɗaukar su azaman mafarin littafin asalin hacking na fasaha ko na motsin hacking na zamani, a lokacin bunƙasar masana'antu da fasaha na karni na 19.
Tun da, ga waɗannan shekarun, matsayi na yanzu da ci gaba na abubuwan da ke yanzu masana'antu da fasaha ya fara barazana ga ma'auni mai laushi. Ma'auni tsakanin masu arzikin da aka samar da kuma wadanda ke cikin ayyukan, wadanda su ne suka samar da su.
More daidai, lokacin da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa, inda aka fara amfani da katunan naushi. Cewa su ne mafi kusanci ga shirye-shiryen software, a wasu na'urori ko injiniyoyi, kamar abin da ake kira "machine of the"jakar jacquard".
harin kwamfuta na farko
Wannan shine, Perforated katunan An yi amfani da su ta atomatik ta atomatik. Duk wannan, ta hanyar tsarin kama da a irin code halitta, ta yin amfani da karatun ramuka kamar Lambobin binary "daya" (1) da "sifili" (0), kamar, a cikin kwamfutoci na zamani.
Don haka, encoding da adanawa kayayyakin yadi hadaddun akan katunan naushi. Kuma saboda haka ragewa da rarrabawa tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masaƙa don kera kayan alatu. Wato, rage yawan guraben aiki ga wannan fannin.
Wannan ya haifar da, daya daga cikin hare-haren kwamfuta na farko da aka sani, don haka a kira shi. An bayar, ta hanyar masu saƙa masu fushi (masu hackers) a kan Ubangiji Jacquard looms (injuna ko kwamfuta). Ta hanyar ƙaddamar da takalman katako akan su, tare da manufar toshe hanyoyin su da lalata su.
Abin da aka saba ɗauka a matsayin daidai, ɗaya daga cikin kin farko na harin sabis ko satar kwamfuta, zuwa kayan aikin kwamfuta a wuraren aiki.
labaran hacker
Asalin Harkar Hacking
Tuni a zamaninmu, a lokacin Karni na 20 da na 21da hackers na zamani ayan zama musamman alaka da Fasahar Sadarwa da Sadarwa (ICT).
Tun da, tare da waɗannan yawanci gudanar da ayyukansu, da yada iliminsu da tunaninsu, da yada ayyukansu. Don haka maye gurbin ayyukan jiki, ko farfaganda ta hanyar takarda da fensir, ko hanyoyin sadarwa na gargajiya (an buga, rediyo da talabijin).
A sakamakon haka, a yanzu hackers na zamani sun fi alaka da kai tsaye amfani da Intanet ta hanyar kwamfuta, wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu, ko wasu kayan aiki. Kuma yafi, ta hanyar amfani da free software da bude tushen shirye-shirye.
Dangantaka da Motsin Software na Kyauta
Wannan fiye da komai, saboda Asalin kalmar "Hacker" yawanci yana kusa da shi rabin na biyu na karni na 20. Kuma yana kula da haɗa kanta, tare da kulake da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (Massachusetts Cibiyar Fasaha, a Turanci, ko kuma kawai MIT).
Kamar yadda, ma'aikatanta da membobinta sun kasance kan gaba wajen samar da al'adun hacker. Waɗannan, a ƙarshen 50s, sun sanya wannan suna (hacker) ga membobin ƙungiyar waɗanda ke kula da su. warware matsalar fasaha. Yawancin su an warware su ta hanyar falsafar aikin yi ilimi da kayan aiki kyauta, wanda suka yi tarayya da juna da kuma wasu.
Saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa ana danganta shi motsi dan gwanin kwamfuta al Motsin Software na Kyauta (SL) da Open Source (OC). Tunda, na biyu an haife shi daga farkon saboda buƙatar samun ilimi da madadin fasahar nasu, aminci da aminci don cimma manufofinsu.
Menene Hacking da Computer Hackers?
Asalin kalmar hacker
An ce asalin kalmar "Hacker", ya fito daga kalmar "hack", a Turanci, wanda ke nufin "hack ko yanke" tare da kari "er" wanda ke da alaƙa da "wakili ko mutumin da ya yi wani aiki". Wannan ya sa kalmar tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da bishiyoyi. Saboda haka, a da, cewa mutum dan gwanin kwamfuta ne, ana nufin mutumin da ke kula da aiwatar da aikin, wato, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin dan sanda.
Amma, bayan lokaci wannan kalma tana da alaƙa da yankin kwamfuta saboda, lokacin da masu fasaha suka yi gyara wasu na'urori, akai-akai Sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo. Da kuma ta hanyar kakkausan bugu a gefen kwamfutoci, da sauran makamantansu.
Sabili da haka, da farko ana iya cewa kalmar "hacking" yana hade da warware matsalolin yau da kullun ta hanyoyi masu mahimmanci ko daban-daban, wato ta hanyar da ba ta al'ada ko ta al'ada ba.
Duk da haka, a lõkacin da ta je ga filin Informatics da Computing, ana iya bayyana cewa kalmar "hacking" yana nufin kai tsaye zuwa ga bincike da amfani da raunin tsaro a cikin kayan aikin fasaha (cibiyoyin sadarwa, kayan aiki, tsarin da shirye-shirye).
masu satar kwamfuta
Sakamakon haka, a Dan Dandatsa cikin sharuddan kwamfuta ana iya siffanta shi azaman, komutumin da yakesau da yawa amfani da sarrafa fasahar kwamfuta ta hanyar ci gaba ko ban mamaki. Ta wannan hanyar, samun hanyoyin samun ilimi da dandamali na bayanai ( zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu da fasaha) don cimma canje-canje ko nuna gazawa.
Saboda haka, a kwamfuta dan dandatsa kullum tafiya cikin nema na dindindin don ilimin fasaha, a duk abin da ya shafi tsarin kwamfuta. Haka kuma, hanyoyin tsaronta, da rauninsu, yadda za a yi amfani da wannan lalurar ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Wadanne nau'ikan hackers ne akwai?
Ana samun ma'anoni masu yawa da bayanin wannan batu akan Intanet. Duk da haka, takaitacciyar hanyar bayanin sanannun nau'ikan masu satar kwamfuta Yana da kamar haka:
Masu Hackers na Farin Hat
Shin waɗancan hackers na kwamfuta sadaukar da kai don gyara raunin software, ma'anar hanyoyin, matakan tsaro da tsaro na tsarin ta hanyar kayan aiki daban-daban. Wato, su ne mutanen da suka sadaukar da tsaro a aikace-aikace, tsarin aiki da kariya na bayanai masu mahimmanci, don haka suna ba da garantin sirrin bayanan mai amfani.
Saboda haka, an kuma san su da "Hackers" da "Ptesters".
Hackers na "Black Hat" (Black Hat)
Shin waɗancan masu satar kwamfuta da aka sadaukar don samun da kuma amfani da raunin rauni a cikin tsarin bayanai, rumbun adana bayanai, cibiyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta, tsarin aiki, wasu samfuran software, da sauran dalilai. Don karya tsaro da cimma manufofi daban-daban, wanda yawanci don amfanin kansu ne ko na kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na hackers.
Saboda haka, an kuma san su da "Hackers marasa da'a" da "Crackers".
Grey Hat hackers
Shin waɗancan Hackers na kwamfuta wadanda yawanci ke tsakanin bangarorin biyu, Tun da yawanci ana sadaukar da su duka biyu don samun da yin amfani da raunin rauni da kuma kariya da kariya ga tsarin. A wasu lokutan kuma, sun kan aiwatar da ayyukan da galibi ke samun sabani daga mahangar kyawawan halaye.
Kamar, yi hacks ga kungiyoyin da suke adawa da akida ko gudanar da zanga-zangar cyber masu fashin kwamfuta wanda zai iya haifar da takamaiman lahani kai tsaye ko na jingina ga ɓangarori na uku.
Menene Hacking na Da'a kuma menene ya kunsa?
Ma'ana
A wannan gaba, fahimtar da kyau Asalin da ma'anar Hacking da Hackers, kawai ya rage don gane da kuma kula da abin da yake "Da'a Hacking" da abin da ya kunsa.
A cikin sauƙi, ana iya bayyana wannan yanki na IT kamar haka:
El Hacking na Da'a Fage na aiki ne ke bayyana aikin waɗancan ƙwararrun waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu da/ko aka ɗauke su hayar don kutse tsarin kwamfuta. Domin ganowa da gyara yiwuwar raunin da aka samu, wanda ke hana amfani da shi yadda ya kamata "Masu fashin kwamfuta o "crackers".
Wannan yana nufin cewa filin IT ya ƙunshi amfani da kwararrun ma'aikatan IT na musamman a cikin gudanar da gwaje-gwajen shigar da tsarin kwamfuta da software. Kuma ko da yaushe, tare da manufar kimantawa, ƙarfafawa da inganta tsaro na abubuwan da aka kimanta.
masu gwada alkalami
Kuma wadannan Kwararrun IT yawanci ake kira "pentesters". Don haka ana iya bayyana matsayinsa da ayyukansa kamar haka:
Pentester kwararre ne a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta, wanda aikinsa shine bin takamaiman matakai ko matakai waɗanda ke ba da garantin ingantaccen jarrabawa ko nazarin kwamfuta. Ta wannan hanyar, don samun damar aiwatar da duk abubuwan da za a iya yi game da su gazawa ko lahani a cikin tsarin kwamfuta da aka tantance. Saboda haka, ana kiran shi sau da yawa Mai binciken Tsaro na Cyber.
Haka kuma Pentesting hakika wani nau'i ne na Hacking, wannan al'ada ce kawai cikakken doka. Tunda, tana da izinin masu kayan aikin da za a gwada, baya ga yin niyyar haifar da lahani na gaske don gyara shi.
Tools
Akwai kayan aikin da yawa don aiwatar da ayyuka na Hacking na ɗa'a, wato, Kayan aikin Hacking. Baya ga sauran makamantan kayan aikin software masu alaka da su IT Tsaro, don haka, duban farko na sanin su ana iya yin su ta hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo:
Tsaya
A takaice, da "Hacking na da'a" yana daya daga da yawa rassan fasahar kwamfuta, waɗanda ba kawai yawanci suna da ban sha'awa ba, amma suna da mahimmanci. Tun da waɗanda suke aiki a can, wato, da Hackers (masu satar kwamfuta da masu satar bayanai) yi aiki mai ban sha'awa kuma mai mahimmanci, kare gwamnatoci da kamfanoni.
Kuma ko da yaushe, by shari'a da bincike mai izini na kayayyakin more rayuwa, kayan aiki, tsarin da shirye-shirye don ƙarfafa su. Ragewa kuma don haka guje wa yiwuwar hare-hare daga abin da ake kira hajiya, wato, na miyagu hackers ko crackers.
Ƙari ga haka, muna fata cewa wannan littafin ya ba wa mutane da yawa damar fahimtar ma’anar kalmar ta hanyar da ta dace "Hacker" da "Cracker", da sauran makamantan su. Daga cikin ma'anoni masu dacewa, kamar nau'ikan Hackers, da kayan aikin da suka saba amfani da su don aiki. Kuma na zo, idan ya cancanta, to "take wannan hacker da kowa ya dauka a ciki", da fatan yin manyan abubuwa, musamman don amfanin wasu.