Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye elenziwe ngesandla: yintoni umahluko?

Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye elenziwe ngesandla: yintoni umahluko?

Namhlanje, uqhagamshelo kwi iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter kunye ne-Intanethi yinto ebalulekileyo, emsebenzini nokufunda okanye nje ukuzonwabisa. kwaye oko uqhagamshelo yonke imihla ihlala ihamba, ngakumbi nge WiFi mediante iindawo zokufikelela ngaphandle kweengcingo ezithi rhoqo ukuba namandla ngakumbi, ubukrelekrele kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda kwengqesho yabantu abadala unxibelelwano olungenantambo, iyasinyanzela ukuba siqonde izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo ngayo. Kwaye ke, ukwazi ukuba kungcono ukhethe a "Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye ngesandla" kwiinethiwekhi esizisebenzisayo.

Kuba, khetha i "Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye ngesandla" inenzululwazi okanye isizathu sokubakho. Kuba kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubandezeleka ukuphazamiseka kuqhagamshelwano olungenazingcingo. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo kakhulu esiza kujongana nayo apha, kwaye ihlala inesisombululo esilula tshintsha umjelo weWiFi.

Kwaye njengesiqhelo, ngaphambi kokujongana nale post kwindawo ye Unxibelelwano lweWiFi, ngokukodwa malunga nokukhetha i "Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye ngesandla", siya kubashiya abo banomdla wokuhlola ezinye zethu Izithuba zangaphambili ezinxulumene noko nale ndawo, amakhonkco alandelayo kubo. Ukuze bayenze ngokulula, ukuba ufuna ukwandisa okanye ukomeleza ulwazi lwakho kule ngongoma, ekupheleni kokufunda olu papasho:

"I-WiFi ibaluleke kakhulu ekhaya njengephepha langasese, amanzi okanye umbane. Kodwa njengazo zonke iintlobo zoxhumo olungenazintambo, kunokubangela iingxaki zoluhlu okanye ukuphazamiseka, mhlawumbi ngenxa yomgama okanye ngenxa yokuba kukho iindonga ezininzi phakathi kwe-router kunye nesixhobo sethu. Zininzi izisombululo kwezi ngxaki, nangona ezinye zintsokothile kunezinye." Ungasandisa njani isiginali yeWiFi? Izisombululo ezisebenzayo

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Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye elenziwe ngesandla: Khetha elona jelo lilungileyo

Ukuze uqonde nzulu umahluko, uncedo okanye ukungalungi kokukhetha a "Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye ngesandla" siya kuqala ukucacisa ezithile iingqiqo zobugcisa. Oku kungenxa yenzuzo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwabo basenokungacaci ngokupheleleyo ngabo.

Yintoni inethiwekhi engenazingcingo okanye iWiFi?

Ngamagama alula, umntu unokuqwalasela a inethiwekhi engenazingcingoimatrix njenge a inkqubo yonxibelelwanon (uthungelwano) idatha. Inethiwekhi ebonelelayenza uqhagamshelwanon ngaphandle kweentambo phakathi kwezo zixhobo zibekwe ngaphakathi okufanayo erea ukhuselo (indawo echaziweyo). Ke ngoko, kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingoidatha igqithiselwa kwaye ifunyenwe nges kwiiintsuku ze-electromagnetic ngomoya njengendlela yokudluliselan.

Ngelixa, njengenyaniso enomdla, igama WiFi okanye Wi-FiNjengoko kuchaziwe kwezinye iiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo, ayibhekiseli kuyo nantoni na ethile okanye eyinyani. Kudla ngokukholelwa ukuba imfutshane Wireless Fidelity, kodwa asiyonyaniso.

Ukususela ngoko, igama lalinokuthi imvelaphi okanye indawo yokuyilwa unayo inkampani yokuthengisa (intengiso). Oku kungenxa yokuba yayiqeshwe lishishini elingenazingcingo ngelo xesha. Owazama ukuyila nokuseka a igama friendly ukubhekisa kobu buchwepheshe butsha kwinkqubo yokwandisa.

Zeziphi iifrikhwensi zeWiFi kunye neeChaneli zeWiFi?

Amanye amagama amabini abalulekileyo, ekufuneka sicace ngawo ukuze siwuqonde ngokupheleleyo umbuzo wethu wokufunda namhlanje kolu papasho, ngala Iifrikhwensi zeWiFi kunye namajelo.

Iifrikhwensi zeWiFi

Ngokutsho kwe Umdibaniso weWi-Fi, i esemgangathweni IEEE 802.11 ixela ukuba i Itekhnoloji yeWi-Fi yangoku inokuphathwa ngaphakathi iintlobo ezintathu zamafrikhwensi akhoyo kwizixhobo ezakhiwe njengofikelelo kunye neendawo zoqhagamshelo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, Umdibaniso weWi-Fi luthungelwano lwehlabathi lweenkampani ezithi iqhuba ukwamkelwa kweWi-Fi yehlabathi jikelele kunye nendaleko). Kwaye i esemgangathweni IEEE 802.11  Yeyona ilawula itekhnoloji enxulumene nothungelwano lwamacingo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukongeza, ezi frikhwensi zisekiweyo ngoku zezi: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, uninzi lwezixhobo zangoku zisebenza, ngokungagqibekanga ngezantsi, oko kukuthi, kwi frequency band kufutshane 2.4 GHz. Okanye ngaphezulu, kwi frequency band kufutshane 5 GHz.

Kwaye khumbula ukuba, kwitekhnoloji ye-Wi-Fi i-frequency imele uthumelo/isantya sokwamkelwa kwedatha phakathi kwezixhobo kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingo. Kwaye nganye frequency izisa iifestile ezithile kunye nemiqobo ehambelana nendlela yayo yokusebenza. Umzekelo:

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga

• I-2.4 GHZ frequency inikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14 yamajelo akhoyo, kuba lula ngakumbi ukuphazamisa kwaye inamandla okungena aphezulu ngokuchasene nemiqobo. Kodwa inikezela ngesantya esincinci soqhagamshelo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwejografi. Ukongeza, inika inkxaso kule migangatho ilandelayo: IEEE 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n (B, G no-N).
• I-5 GHZ frequency inikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 yamajelo akhoyo, ayichaphazeleki kancinci kwaye inamandla okungena kancinci ngokuchasene nemiqobo. Kodwa ibonelela ngesantya sonxibelelwano ngakumbi kunye noluhlu oluncinci lokugubungela ngokwejografi. Ukongeza, inika inkxaso kule migangatho ilandelayo: IEEE 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac (A, N, AC).

Iitshaneli zeWi-Fi

Ngokomgangatho osele ukhankanyiwe, umzekelo, okwangoku umcu we 2.4 GHz rhoqo kukho Imijelo engama-14 iyafumaneka, yahlulwe ngu 5 MHz. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe athile kunye nemimandla yejografi yehlabathi inokusebenzisa ezabo imithetho nemigaqo yonxibelelwano ngocingo malunga. Ukuze kuqhutywe, izithintelo zivuliwe inani lamajelo akhoyo kwizixhobo ezithengiswa kwindawo yayo.

Kwaye kobu bukho bamajelo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba nganye ifuna +/- 20 MHz ububanzi ukusebenza. evelisa isiphumo esaziwa ngokuba ukugqithelana kwemijelo edityanisiweyo. Oku kudla ngokuqondwa ngcono ngale ngcaciso ilandelayo:

Umjelo woku-1 udibana namajelo 2, 3, 4 kunye no-5. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo ezisasaza kulo luhlu lweefrikhwensi zinokuphazamisana, kwaye izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwezo tshaneli kwisixhobo zinokuphazamisana. Kuyenzeka nakwitshaneli yesi-6 kunye ne-7, 8, 9 kunye ne-10. Kunoko, nge iitshaneli ze-wifi ukusuka kumphetho we 5 GHz rhoqo, olu hlobo lokugqithelana aluqhelekanga ukwenzeka, oko kukuthi, lwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Ngaba kukhetha ukukhetha isitishi seWiFi esizenzekelayo okanye sencwadi?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezinye iingongoma zobugcisa ezisisiseko malunga Itekhnoloji yeWi-Fi, njengoko Iifrikhwensi kunye nemijelo esetyenzisiweyo, i iingeniso kunye nokungalunganga phakathi kwamaza asetyenziswa kakhulu (2.4 GHz kunye ne-5.4 GHz) kunye nengxaki ebizwa ukugqithelana kwemijelo edityanisiweyo.

Ke ngoku, siza kuchaza ngokufutshane nangokucacileyo oko kulungileyo, malunga nokukhetha a "Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye ngesandla". Ekubeni, njengoko kunokuqondwa kwimeko nganye (ixesha kunye nendawo) indlela enye okanye enye inokuba yinto efanelekileyo.

Ukuqala kwinto yokuba, emva koko yenza ikhadi loqhagamshelwano lweWi-Fi okanye uphawu ukusuka kwidesktop okanye kwikhompyuter yelaptop, okanye kwifowuni ephathwayo, ibonisa i Uthungelwano olukhoyo lwe-Wi-Fi (iindawo zofikelelo). Ibonisa ezinye zezi datha, phakathi kwazo onokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Igama lomnatha (SSID),
• NONE
• Amandla oMqondiso,
• Ukuphindaphinda kunye nemijelo ekhoyo,
• Ugqithiso / isantya sokwamkela,
• Ulwazi lweNethiwekhi (Idilesi yeMac, idilesi ye-IP, iSango, i-Subnet Mask kunye ne-DNS).

Imowudi ezenzekelayo ukuya kuThungelwano, amatshaneli kunye nee-Frequency

Los izixhobo (iikhompyuter kunye neeselfowuni) ithande ukuza ngokungagqibekanga, iqwalaselwe ukudibanisa Uthungelwano lweWi-Fi lwasimahla kwaye luvuleleke, oko kukuthi, kawonke-wonke kwaye ngaphandle kwamagama agqithisiweyo, ukuba akwimowudi ezenzekelayo, ekhetha ezo zinomgangatho ophezulu wobunzulu kunye/okanye isantya, kunye nokusebenzisa nayiphi na Ijelo leWiFi ekhoyo.

Kule modi, ngokusisiseko akukho ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi kwaye yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwingqiqo yeprogram efakwe kwisixhobo esidityanisiweyo. Ukuze wenze njalo, khetha i-frequency kunye netshaneli ngokuhambelana nokuba yintoni na Indawo yokufikelela kwi-WiFi.

Imowudi yeManuwali ukuya kuNethiwekhi, ii-frequency kunye namatshaneli

Nangona, ukuba uthatha isigqibo qhagamshela ngesandla kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, ngokuthanda uhlobo oluthile lwamaza kunye nejelo, ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinokuba luncedo kakhulu:

Nets

• Fumana ngokwasemzimbeni iindawo ezifumanekayo zoqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi: Ukukhetha ukudibanisa kweyona ikufutshane. Kule nto, idatha yokuqina komqondiso okanye isicelo somthonyama okanye somntu wesithathu esibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya kule ndawo sinokusetyenziswa.
• Khetha phakathi kweendawo ezifumanekayo zoqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi ezona ndawo zikhuselekileyo: Ukukhetha ukudibanisa kweyona ithembekileyo. Kule, idatha yoNxibelelwano lweNgcaciso (Ufihlo loKhuseleko) olusetyenzisiweyo okanye isicelo esithile somthonyama okanye somntu wesithathu esibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya kule ngongoma sinokusetyenziswa.

Unxibelelwano

• Qhagamshela kwibhendi yefrikhwensi efanelekileyo ekhoyo: Ukonwabela uncedo olukhoyo kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki ezivezwayo nganye. Kule nto, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba:

1. Ukuba sixhuma kwindawo yokufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi ye-2.4 GHZ siya kufumana amajelo ambalwa akhoyo onokukhetha kuwo, athanda ukuba sesichengeni sophazamiseko kunye nesantya soqhagamshelwano esisezantsi. Kodwa siya kufumana umthamo omkhulu wokungena ngokuchasene nemiqobo kunye noluhlu olukhulu lokugubungela ngokwejografi.
2. Ukuba sixhuma kwindawo yokufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi ye-5 GHZ Siza kufumana amajelo amaninzi akhoyo esinokukhetha kuwo, athanda ukungaphazamisi kakhulu kunye nezantya zonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo. Kodwa siya kufumana umthamo ophantsi wokungena ngokuchasene nemiqobo kunye noluhlu oluncinci lokugubungela indawo.

Iziteshi

• Qhagamshela kwisitishi esifanelekileyo esikhoyo: Ukukhetha esona sisetyenzisiweyo sincinci, oko kukuthi, esinelona nani limbalwa lezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe lijelo elixeliweyo. Kwaye ukhethe leyo enokudityaniswa okuncinci, imveliso yezinye izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi ezisasaza kwisitishi esinye.
• Sebenzisa usetyenziso lweqela lesithathu: Ukufezekisa oku ngasentla, uhlalutyo lwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi esiqhagamshelwe kuyo, kunye nezinye ezingqongileyo kufuneka zenziwe ngezicelo ezithile. Kwaye phakathi kwezinye ezilungileyo ezikhoyo, simahla okanye umthombo ovulekileyo, zizicelo eziphathwayo ezibizwa I-WiFi Analyzer (umthombo ovulekileyo), iWiFi Analyzer (Simahla kwi Farproc), Amandla oMqondiso, Ngubani okwi-Wi-Fi yam?, I-Fing-Network Scanner, i-Network Analyzer, kunye ne-WiFi Guard, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi. Ezinye zazo zeze-Android, iOS kunye zombini.

Iingcebiso ezibaluleke ngakumbi malunga noqhagamshelo lweWiFi

• Beka izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi (iNdawo yokuFikelela) kumphakamo ofanelekileyo kunye nomgama: Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yindawo engekho phezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu, okanye ikude kakhulu okanye ivaliwe, kuba inokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okungeyomfuneko ngenxa yomgama okanye imiqobo. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo iya kuhlala iphakathi kobude kunye nomgama ukusuka kwindawo ekufuneka isebenze kuyo, kunye neyona miqobo ikufutshane yomzimba kunye nezixhobo zombane ezikhupha imitha ye-electromagnetic.
• Misa ii-eriyali zesixhobo se-Wi-Fi (iNdawo yokuFikelela) kumacala ahlukeneyo: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubeke i-eriyali ngokuthe tye, enye(ii) ethe tyaba enye(ii) nkqo. Oko kukuthi, zenza ii-angles ezingama-90 phakathi kwazo. Oku kuya kufezekisa ukhuseleko olungcono lwejografi kwaye izixhobo ziya kubamba ngcono umqondiso.
• Yenza iimvavanyo zokudibanisa kwiitshaneli usebenzisa i-20 MHz kunye ne-40 MHz: Uqhagamshelo kwi-40 Mhz inokubonelela ngophawu olungcono, kodwa kumathuba aphezulu okungqubana nezinye iinethiwekhi ezijikelezayo ezingenazingcingo. Uqhagamshelo lwe-40 Mhz lunikeza ilahleko encinci yepakethe.
• Amanye amacebiso aluncedo: Gcina i-firmware yesixhobo se-Wi-Fi ihlaziywe kwaye usebenzise i-Wi-Fi ephindaphinda isignali, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, fumana / uthenge isixhobo sangoku se-Wi-Fi esineempawu ezingcono kunye nemisebenzi.

Okokugqibela, for ulwazi oluthe kratya lobugcisa ezinxulumene ne amathandabuzo nezisombululo kwiingxaki ze uqhagamshelo olungenantambo, ungaphonononga oku kulandelayo unxibelelwano.

Isishwankathelo

Isishwankathelo, ukwazi indlela yokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo a "Ijelo leWiFi elizenzekelayo okanye ngesandla" ngexesha okanye kwindawo efanelekileyo kunokusinika ithuba lokunikela intetho imiba embalwa yoqhagamshelwano. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukukwazi ukonwabela a uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethit kakhulu ngakumbi uzinzile kwaye uyakhawuleza. Kwakhona, inokuba luncedo kwiimeko ezithile, ezinjengokunceda abanye ukuqwalasela ngcono iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo kunye nokunxibelelanaekhaya nasemsebenzini.

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