Yintoni i-ethical hacking kwaye ibandakanya ntoni?
Ulwazi lwehlabathi kunye neendaba zobuchwepheshe zihlala zigcwele iindaba malunga nokufunyanwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuthathaka kwiziseko ezingundoqo, izixhobo, iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo. Kwakhona, ukusuka kuhlaselo lwekhompyuter, ukusilela kwezokhuseleko kunye neziganeko ze-cyberwar phakathi kwamazwe, kunye neziseko zawo zoluntu kunye nezabucala. Yonke le ngxelo idla ngokugcina ifashoni okanye iphila, ukuya inkcubeko hacker. Oko kukuthi, yonke into ehambelana nayo UHacking Movement kunye neeHackers. Kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke loo nto inxulumene ne "Ukwehla ngendlela yokuziphatha".
Kwaye ngoba? Kuba, le ndawo yetekhnoloji yolwazi yeyona ibandakanya kwaye ifuna, kakhulu Iingcali ze-IT eziqeqeshiweyo, bona, thintela, unciphise kwaye usombulule nayiphi na uhlaselo lwekhompyuter phambi okanye emva kokwenzeka kwayo. Ngesi sizathu, namhlanje siza kuphonononga kancinci malunga nale ndawo inomdla ye-IT ye uqheliso olusesikweni.
Kwaye njengesiqhelo, ngaphambi kokungena kolu papasho lwangoku kwinqaku elinxulumene ngakumbi ihlabathi hacker, ngakumbi ngakumbi malunga ne uqheliso olusesikweni, siya kushiya abo banomdla amakhonkco kwezinye zethu Izithuba zangaphambili ezinxulumene noko ngokufanayo. Ukuze bayenze ngokulula, ukuba bafuna ukwandisa okanye ukomeleza ulwazi lwabo malunga nayo, ekupheleni kokufunda olu papasho:
"Kukho abasebenzisi abaninzi abazibuza ukuba bazikhusela njani iiselfowuni zabo kubaduni kunye nobusela, iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo eziye zazalana. Kwaye apha siza kukubonisa iindlela ezininzi eziluncedo nezisebenzayo. ” Ungayikhusela njani iselfowuni kubagculeli nakubusela
Konke malunga ne-ethics hacking
Imvelaphi yokugqekeza kunye nabahlaseli
Uvukelo lwaseFrance
Njengoko kusengqiqweni kwaye kusengqiqweni, kwezinye iincwadi ezikhoyo kuthathwa njengendawo yokuqala imvelaphi yokuqhekezwa kwezobuchwepheshe okanye del intshukumo yangoku yokuxhwila, ngexesha lokunyuka kwezoshishino kunye nobuchwepheshe benkulungwane ye-19.
Ukusukela, ngaloo minyaka, inqanaba langoku kunye nenkqubela phambili yezinto ezikhoyo ushishino kunye neteknoloji yaqala ukusongela ulungelelwaniso oluethe-ethe olukhoyo. Ibhalansi phakathi kwabanini bobutyebi obuveliswayo kunye nabahlali bemisebenzi, ababengabo bayivelisayo.
Ngokuchanekileyo, amaxesha e Uvukelo lwaseFrance, apho kwaqala ukusetyenziswa amakhadi. Ukuba babeyeyona nto isondeleyo kwiinkqubo zesoftware, kwezinye izixhobo okanye koomatshini, njengokubizwa ngokuba "ngumatshini we"Ingubo yejacquard«.
uhlaselo lokuqala lwekhompyuter
Oko kukuthi, i Amakhadi agqityiweyo zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-automate ithi loom. Konke oku, ngenkqubo efana ne-a uhlobo lwekhowudi wadala, usebenzisa ufundo umngxuma njengoko amanani okubini “enye” (1) kunye “noziro” (0), ezifana, kwiikhompyuter zanamhlanje.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-encoding kunye nokugcina ifayile iipateni zelaphu ezintsonkothileyo kumakhadi punch. Kwaye ngenxa yoko ukunciphisa kunye nokusabalalisa ngezakhono ezinkulu zabaluki abaziingcali ukuvelisa ilaphu elitofotofo. Oko kukuthi, lanciphisa inani lezithuba zemisebenzi yela candelo.
Oku kubangele ukuba, enye yohlaselo lokuqala lwekhompyuter olwaziwayo, ukuze uyibize. Inikwe, yi abaluki abanomsindo (abahlaseli abakhohlakeleyo) ngokuchasene ne I-jacquard looms (oomatshini belaphu okanye iikhompyuter). Ngokuqalisa izicathulo zokhuni kubo, ngenjongo yokuthintela iindlela zabo kunye nokuzonakalisa.
Yintoni edla ngokuthathwa njengelingana, enye ye okokuqala ukwala ukuhlaselwa kwenkonzo okanye ukonakaliswa kwekhompyuter, kwizixhobo zekhompyuter kwiindawo zokusebenza.
iindaba zehacker
Imvelaphi yokuHacking Movement
Sele kumaxesha ethu anamhlanje, ngexesha le Inkulungwane yama-20 neye-21, i abahlaseli bale mihla ithande ukunxulumana ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi Ubuchwephesha boLwazi noNxibelelwano (ICT).
Ekubeni, ngezi ngokuqhelekileyo benze imisebenzi yabo, basasaze ulwazi neengcinga zabo, basasaze izenzo zabo. Ngaloo ndlela ukutshintshwa kwezenzo zomzimba, okanye i-propaganda ngephepha kunye nepensile, okanye iindlela zonxibelelwano zendabuko (oshicilelweyo, unomathotholo kunye nomabonwakude).
Ngoko ke, ngoku abahlaseli bale mihla zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ngeekhompyuter, iiselfowuni, iitafile, okanye ezinye izixhobo. Kwaye ubukhulu becala, ngokusetyenziswa kwe isoftware yasimahla kunye neenkqubo zomthombo ovulekileyo.
Ubudlelwane kunye neSoftware Movement yasimahla
Oku ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na, kuba imvelaphi yegama elithi "Hacker" idla ngokubekwa ngeenxa zonke kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20. Kwaye ithande ukuzimanya, kunye neeklabhu kunye neelebhu ze I-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (IMassachusetts Institute of Technology, ngesiNgesi, okanye ngokulula iMIT).
Njengoko, abasebenzi bayo kunye namalungu babengamanduleli ekuqulunqeni inkcubeko hacker. Aba, ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s, babela elo gama (i-hacker) kumalungu eqela elaliphethe lungisa iingxaki zobugcisa. Uninzi lwazo lwasonjululwa ngefilosofi yokuqeshwa kwe ulwazi lwasimahla kunye nezixhobo, abasabelana ngayo nabanye.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isoloko inxulunyaniswa intshukumo yehacker al Intshukumo yasimahla yesoftware (SL) kunye noMthombo oVulekileyo (OC). Ukusukela, owesibini uzalwa ukusuka kweyokuqala ngenxa yesidingo sokuba nolwazi kunye nobuchwephesha obunye babo, ukhuselekile kwaye uthembekile ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo.
Yintoni iHacking kunye neeHacker zekhompyuter?
Igama lemvelaphi yehacker
Kuthiwa imvelaphi ye igama elithi "Hacker", ivela kwi igama elithi "hack", ngesiNgesi, elithetha "ukuqhekeza okanye ukusika" kunye ne isimamva "er" enxulumene “ne-arhente okanye umntu owenza isenzo”. Oku kwenza ukuba elo gama linxibelelene ngqo nemithi. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa kusithiwa umntu ungumqweqwedisi, kubhekiselwa kumntu ophethe umsebenzi othile, oko kukuthi, owayesebenza njengomgawuli wemithi.
Kodwa, ekuhambeni kwexesha eli gama lalinxulumene ne indawo yekhompyutha ngokuba, xa amagcisa kwafuneka ukuba lungisa isixhobo esithile, rhoqo Basebenzisa amandla akhohlakeleyo. Kwaye ngokubetha kabukhali kwicala leekhompyuter, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifanayo.
Kwaye ke, ekuqaleni kunokuthiwa ukuba igama elithi "hacking" inxulunyaniswa Ukusombulula iingxaki zemihla ngemihla ngeendlela ezintsha okanye ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, ngendlela engeyiyo eyemveli okanye eqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa kwi icandelo le-Informatics kunye neKhompyutha, kunokuchazwa ukuba i igama elithi "hacking" ibhekisa ngqo kwi ukukhangela kunye nokuxhaphaza ubuthathaka bokhuseleko kwiziseko zeteknoloji (uthungelwano, izixhobo, iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo).
abahlaseli bekhompyuter
Ngenxa yoko, a IHacker ngokwemiqathango yekhompyuter inokuchazwa njenge, okanyeumntu okhoyobahlala besebenzisa kwaye basebenzise itekhnoloji yekhompyuter ngendlela ephezulu okanye engaqhelekanga. Ngale ndlela, ukufikelela kwimithombo yolwazi kunye namaqonga olwazi (ezentlalo, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezenkcubeko kunye nezobuchwephesha) ukuze ukuphumeza utshintsho okanye ukubonisa ukusilela.
Yiyo loo nto Umkhangeli wekhompyuter hlala ungena uphendlo olusisigxina lolwazi lwetekhnoloji, kuyo yonke into enxulumene neenkqubo zekhompyutha. Kwaye kwakhona, iindlela zayo zokhuseleko, ukuba semngciphekweni kwabo, indlela yokusebenzisa obu buthathaka ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeehacker zekhompyuter ezikhoyo?
Iinkcazo ezibanzi kunye neenkcazo zesi sihloko zihlala zifumaneka kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, indlela emfutshane yokucacisa i iintlobo ezaziwayo zecomputer hackers Inje ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
White Hat Hackers
Ngaba ezo abahlaseli bekhompyuter abazinikele ekulungiseni ubuthathaka besoftware, inkcazo yeendlela, amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nokukhusela iinkqubo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, ngabo bantu bazinikele kukhuseleko kwizicelo, iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nokukhuselwa kwedatha ebuthathaka, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ubumfihlo bolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ngoko ke, zikwabizwa ngokuba "AbaHaki bokuziphatha" kunye "nePtesters".
IiHackers ze "Black Hat" (umnqwazi omnyama)
Ngaba ezo abahlaseli bekhompyuter abazinikele ekufumaneni nasekuxhaphazeni ubuthathaka kwiinkqubo zolwazi, oovimba beenkcukacha, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha, iinkqubo zokusebenza, iimveliso zesoftware ethile, phakathi kwezinye iinjongo. Ukuqhawula ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezidla ngokuba luncedo lwabo okanye kumaqela olwaphulo-mthetho abahlaseli.
Ngoko ke, zikwabizwa ngokuba "IiHackers ezingafanelekanga" kunye "neCrackers".
Grey Hat Hackers
Ngaba ezo abahlaseli bekhompyuter abadla ngokuba phakathi kwamacala ama-2, kuba bahlala bezinikele ekufumaneni nasekuxhaphazeni ubuthathaka kunye nokhuselo nokhuseleko lweenkqubo. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, badla ngokwenza utyando oluhlala lungqubana ngokwembono yokuziphatha.
Njenge, yenza ii-hacks kumaqela aphikisana ngawo okanye qhuba uqhanqalazo lwe-cyber ye-hacktivist oko kunokubangela umonakalo othile ngqo okanye isibambiso kumaqela esithathu.
Yintoni i-Ethical Hacking kwaye ibandakanya ntoni?
Nentsingiselo
Ngeli xesha, ukuqonda kakuhle Imvelaphi kunye nentsingiselo yokuHacking kunye neeHackers, kusele kuphela ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda ukuba yintoni na "Ukwehla ngendlela yokuziphatha" kwaye iqulathe ntoni na.
Ngamagama alula, le ndawo ye-IT inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
El Ethical Hacking Yintsimi yesenzo esichaza umsebenzi walabo basebenzi abazinikeleyo kunye / okanye abaqeshwe ukuba baqhekeze inkqubo yekhompyutheni. Ukuze kuchongwe kwaye kulungiswe ubuthathaka obukhoyo obufunyenweyo, obunqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhaphazwa ngo "Abagculeli abakhohlakeleyo" o "amaqhekeza".
Oku kuthetha ukuba ithe intsimi ye-IT iquka ukusetyenziswa kwe abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo be-IT ekuqhubeni uvavanyo lokungena kwiisistim zekhompyuter kunye nesoftware. Kwaye rhoqo, ngenjongo yokuvavanya, ukuqinisa kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lweziseko ezisisiseko ezivavanyiweyo.
abavavanyi ipeni
Kwaye ezi Iingcali ze-IT zidla ngokubizwa "pentesters". Ngoko ke, indawo yayo kunye nemisebenzi inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-Pentester yingcali kwindawo yesayensi yekhompyuter, umsebenzi wabo kukulandela iinkqubo eziliqela okanye amanyathelo aqinisekisa uviwo oluhle okanye uhlalutyo lwekhompyutha. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba nako ukwenza yonke imibuzo enokwenzeka malunga ukusilela okanye ubuthathaka kwinkqubo ehlalutyiweyo yekhompyuter. Ngoko ke, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba UMphicothi woKhuseleko lweCyber.
Ngokuhambelana IPentesting ngokwenene luhlobo lokuHacking, kuphela lo mkhuba isemthethweni ngokupheleleyo. Ekubeni, inemvume yabanini bezixhobo eziza kuvavanywa, ngaphezu kokuba nenjongo yokubangela umonakalo wangempela ukuyilungisa.
Zixhobo
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi zokwenza imisebenzi yazo uqheliso olusesikweni, oko kukuthi, izixhobo zokuqhekeza. Ukongeza kwezinye izixhobo zesoftware ezifanayo ezinxulumene ne UKhuseleko, ke ngoko, ujongo lokuqala ekwazini kwabo kunokwenziwa ngezi khonkco zilandelayo:
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, "Ethical hacking" yenye yazo amasebe obuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, aqhelekanga nje ukuba mnandi kakhulu, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu. Ekubeni abo basebenza apho, oko kukuthi, i iihackers ezisesikweni (abahlaseli beekhompyuter kunye nabapentesta) ukwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo nobalulekileyo, khusela oorhulumente neenkampani.
Kwaye rhoqo, ngo uhlalutyo olusemthethweni nolugunyazisiweyo yeziseko zayo, izixhobo, iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokuzomeleza. Ukunciphisa kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuphepha ukuhlaselwa okunokwenzeka okuvela kwinto ebizwa kubaduniOko kukuthi, ye abahlaseli abakhohlakeleyo okanye abaqhekezayo.
Ukongezelela, sinethemba lokuba le mpapasho ivumela abaninzi ukuba bayiqonde ngokwemilinganiselo yayo efanelekileyo ingcamango yeli gama "I-Hacker" kunye ne "Cracker", kunye nezinye ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo. Phakathi kwezinye iinkcazo ezifanelekileyo, ezifana neentlobo zeHackers, kunye nezixhobo ezivame ukuzisebenzisa ukusebenza. Ndaza ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze "Vusa laa hacker aphethwe ngumntu wonke ngaphakathi", benethemba lokwenza izinto ezinkulu, ngokuyintloko ukuze kulungelwe abanye.