Cishe uke wezwa ngamaphrinta e-3D, kepha kuthiwani nge-4D? Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ngokweqa kakhulu futhi, kulokhu, ukuphrinta ngokomzimba bekungeke kube kuncane. Ukuphrinta kwe-4D kukuvumela ukuthi uphrinte zonke izinhlobo zezibalo ezivumelana nazo zonke izindawo, bangenza izinto ezingacabangeki, inganekwane yesayensi. Asibone yini amaphrinta we-4D futhi angenzani.
Umhlaba we Amaphrinta we-3D Sekuyiminyaka yamuva into eye yamangaza ngaphezu kweyodwa. Bayakwazi ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zezibalo ngemizuzwana embalwa, into eyayingacabangeki eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Konke kuyavela, futhi nayo inombono obheke endaweni ebanzi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusenokuningi okufanele kwenziwe ngcono, namanje intuthuko eminingi isasele ukubona lobu buchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, i- Ukuphrinta kwe-4D ufuna ukwenza isifaca futhi aqashelwe, ephula imingcele ebesiyicabanga emhlabeni wokunyathelisa ngokomzimba.
Ayini amaphrinta we-4D?
Amaphrinta we-4D ukuvela kwe-3D. Bathatha umqondo wokuphrinta ngokomzimba kakhulu, ngoba akuyona iphrinta kuphela ephrinta izinto ngezimo ezahlukahlukene esingazithinta, kepha iyakwazi ukuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezinikeza ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Ngamanye amagama, ukuphrinta kwe-4D kuvumela phrinta izinto usebenzisa izinto ezijwayele indawo ezihlangana nayoInto enekhono, ngokwesibonelo, yokuzilungisa uma kwenzeka yehluleka noma yephuka.
Lobu buchwepheshe budizayinelwe ukuthatha isinyathelo esidlula lokho ebesivele sinakho ngamaphrinta e-3D. Okubaluleke ngempela ngamaphrinta we-4D ukuthi abekwe endaweni yesevisi ye- isayensi nempilo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi angenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu abaningi.
Izicelo zokuphrinta ze-4D
Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngezicelo zangempela zokuphrinta kwe-4D, njengoba kusesigabeni sokukhula nentuthuko. Kungakho abacwaningi abaningi, izinkampani, ososayensi, amalabhoratri namanyuvesi befunda lobu buchwepheshe obuthandekayo.
Noma kunjalo, izinto sezivele zenziwe ngamaphrinta we-4D ngokusebenzisa okuhlukahlukene prototypes. Kufanele senze ukuhlukaniswa kwamaprotheni okwenziwe kucatshangelwa bangafaka mkhakha muni. Ake sibone okulandelayo:
Emkhakheni wezokwakha
Ukuvela 4D izitini lokho kungashintsha ukwakheka, okwazi ukuguqula izindonga.
Emkhakheni wezokwakha
Ivumela ukwakhiwa kwe- uphahla lwengqalasizinda kanye / noma izindonga ngokusebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-4D okwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ebazungezile (imini nobusuku, amakhaza nokushisa) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivumele izimo zangaphakathi ukuba zishintshe.
Emkhakheni wemithi
Dala amadivayisi akwazi ukuhlola imithambo yegazi.
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha ne-biomedicine
Ukuvela i-prosthesis eziguqula ukwakheka kwazo ebusweni bezinto ezithile. Kunenkulumo yokuthi izitho zokufakelwa zingadalwa ngalobu buchwepheshe.
Ekusebenziseni ikhompyutha
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhi zehadiwe lokho kungashintsha isimo sabo.
Emkhakheni wezindwangu
Idizayini okokwembatha y izicathulo Ngokuphrinta kwe-4D okungashintsha ukwakheka futhi kujwayele isimo sezulu noma izimo zomzuzu (uma umuntu ezilolonga, ezinye izici zendwangu njengokuqina kwayo ziyaguqulwa).
Kwezokuthutha nakwezokusebenza
Ukuphrinta kwe-4D kwezinto ezifana ne- ukupakisha, ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu futhi imelane kakhulu nezimo ezithile zesimo sezulu njengamanzi, umswakama, kanye nokushisa.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngamaphrinta we-4D
Lobu buchwepheshe busesigabeni socwaningo, ukukhula nentuthuko, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuqala ukukhuluma ngento esivele ikhona. Iqala ukusebenza nayo ukuklama prototypes nalezi amaphrinta.
Izinto ezifana inethiwekhi ye-fiber, engashintshwa futhi ingahle ihlelwe futhi ibe nokuhlukahluka okuya ngezakhiwo zalokho okubalulekile nosayizi wazo.
Izinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi: ama-polymers asebenza ngamanzi (basabela lapho kuthintwa khona amanzi), ama-polymers asebenzayo (basabela ngokuxhumana nokukhanya), inkumbulo yokuma ama-polymer edijithali (ikuvumela ukuthi udale izinto ezingashintsha futhi zibuyele esimweni sazo sokuqala) nezinhlanganisela ze-cellulose (basabela ekushiseni kanye / noma kumswakama).
Ekuphrinteni kwe-4D, sithola nokuthiwa okubizwa ngokuthi I-LCE (I-Liquid Crystalline Elastomers), noma yini efanayo, i-liquid elastomer yama-liquid. Kuyinto ethambile evumela ushintsho olusheshayo nolungaguqulwa (ludinga uhlelo).
Umehluko phakathi kwamaphrinta we-3D ne-4D
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D yiyona ukukhiqizwa okungeziwe kwezinto, okungukuthi, amaphrinta we-3D avumela guqula izindiza zedijithali zibe izinto ezibonakalayo kusuka ezingqimbeni eziningana.
Ukuphrinta kwe-4D, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusekelwe kulobu buchwepheshe, iqiniso ukuthi kulokhu kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile nemiklamo eyindida, ehlelwe ngokusobala ukuze kwenziwe ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuguqule ukwakheka kwayo.
Ngamafuphi, Ukuphrinta kwe-4D ukuvuselelwa nokwandiswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kudala izinto ezake zakhiwa azikwazi ukuguquka. Kodwa-ke, ekuphrinteni kwe-4D, bavumela izinto ukuthi zithole ikhwalithi ye- shintsha ngokuya ngezimo zezindawo kusukela lapho Zenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekile.
Ukuphrinta kwe-4D, kuya kubuchwepheshe obungenamkhawulo
Nge Ukuphrinta kwe-4D, umqondo wokuphrinta esasiwazi ushintshe ngokuphelele, uya phambili. Sikhuluma ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ukudala izinto nge- ikhwalithi yokuguqukela kwezinye izinhlobo isikhathi ngasinye lapho ivezwa ezimeni ezithile zemvelo (ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, amakhaza, ukushisa, njll.).
Lokhu kuvumela izinto eziphendulayo isisusa sangaphandle (ihlelwe ngaphambilini) ezifana ezishisayo, kinetic, adonsela phansi, kazibuthe nangezinhlobo eziningi.
Kuze kube namuhla, singakufakazela lokho I-4D ayinayo imikhawulo futhi kusekuningi okufanele kuhlole lobu buchwepheshe. Akungabazeki ukuthi amaphrinta we-4D azomaka ngaphambi nangemva komhlaba wokuphrinta ngokomzimba, ngokwakhiwa kwezinto eziyiqiniso isayensi yeqiniso.