Impikiswano ezungeze amakhukhi nokusizakala kwawo yavela osukwini olulodwa kuya kolandelayo ngaphakathi kwe-European Union nolunye uchungechunge lwemigwamanda elawulayo. Lokhu kudale izaziso ezingenakubalwa kumawebhusayithi ethu athembekile nakwezinye izindawo. Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe kungasiza ukwazi okwengeziwe ngamakhukhi futhi wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi aqukethe ini. Sikutshela ukuthi ayini amakhukhi nokuthi enzelwe ini, ukuze uphephe ukuphequlula inetha futhi wazi ukuthi wamukelani. Njengenjwayelo, hlala nathi futhi uthole ukuthi yini engemuva kwamakhukhi adumile nokuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nawo.
Akhiwa kanjani amakhukhi futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?
Yize manje sebengabaphikisi abaningi kunakuqala, amakhukhi akuyona into eqanjwe njengamanje. Amakhukhi abe nathi kusukela ngo-1994 lapho abakwaNetscape benza ikhukhi lokuqala. Indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu yokwehlisa isikhala kumaseva.
Inhloso bekuwukwenza uhlelo oluzovumela ukukhumbula inqola yokuthenga online engasebenzisi isikhala seseva. Ngaleyo ndlela banquma lokho inketho engcono kakhulu kwaba ukugcina lolu lwazi kusiphequluli somsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke kwazalwa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhukhi ayehambisana neNetscape ne-Internet Explorer 2.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile zamakhukhi, i- «Amakhukhi eseshini» okungukuthi lezo ezinesikhala esifushane sokusetshenziswa, okungukuthi, ziyasuswa njalo lapho uvala isiphequluli. Olunye uhlobo lwamakhukhi yi- «Amakhukhi aphikelelayo»Lokho kugcina ukuxhumana kwethu newebhu kusiphequluli unomphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu sinefayela le- «Amakhukhi aphephile»Yimaphi amakhukhi agcina imininingwane eyimfihlo futhi asebenza kuphela ekuxhumekeni kwe-HTTPS, kanye ne "Amakhukhi eZombie" eziphinda zizenze kabusha, lezi zigcinwa kudivayisi hhayi kusiphequluli, yizona eziyimpikiswano enkulu kakhulu.
Yini ikhukhi?
Sesivele sazi ukuthi zenzelwe ini nokuthi ziphi izinhlobo zamakhukhi, kepha asikacaci ukuthi aqukethe ini. Ilula kunalokho esingakucabanga, ngoba ikhukhi empeleni liyifayela lombhalo ocacile imisebenzi yalo ehlukahlukene kuya ngokuqukethwe.
Bangakwazi ukugcina imininingwane yokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe, qoqa imininingwane ngemishini esetshenzisiwe, imininingwane emayelana nendawo yedivayisi kanye nemininingwane yezibalo emayelana nokuthi sisebenzisana kanjani nekhasi lewebhu elithile elinqume ukuligcina
Amakhukhi ngokuvamile awagcini idatha yomuntu siqu yomsebenzisi ongafaka engozini ubumfihlo bakhe. Kodwa-ke, zingabamba nezingozi eziningi ngokuya ngokuthi umhlinzeki wesevisi uzisebenzisa kanjani. Kodwa-ke, kunemithetho eminingi e-European Union (LINK) ngokuthi amakhukhi kufanele asetshenziswe kanjani ukuze angavezi inkinga yokuphepha.
Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula kwezohwebo eziku-inthanethi Baye bagxila ekusebenziseni amakhukhi ukunikeza ukuhlaziywa komsebenzisi ngakho-ke bakha amaphrofayli wokukhangisa asiza ukuthengisa okuningi. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala sengathi sikhangisa ngqo esikufunayo noma ngokuya ngezintshisekelo zethu.
Ingabe amakhukhi ayingozi kubumfihlo bethu?
Iqiniso ukuthi wonke amawebhusayithi anamakhukhi, ngobuningi noma ngobuncane, sekucishe kwadingeka ukunakekelwa kwensizakalo. Cishe, uwamukele ngokuqhubekayo amakhukhi ngaphandle kokucacela ngisho nenjongo yawo. Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, ukuxhumana nomphakathi okufana ne-Facebook noma i-Instagram kukhiqiza amakhukhi.
Mhlawumbe awukaze ucabange ukuthi yiwo lawa mawebhusayithi akhiqiza kakhulu lolu hlobo lokuqukethwe, futhi kukubo lapho sithi kakhulu ngathi.
Amakhukhi awawona ugaxekile noma izibungu zekhompyutha. Lawa mafayela amane athola imininingwane ngathi, ngombono ngokungaziwa, futhi Ngokuya ngenhloso yabo, bangaba abalandelayo, ngokwemibandela ye-Spanish Data Protection Agency (ENLACE).
- Amasu: Ukuphatha ithrafikhi yewebhu.
- De ukwenza ngezifiso: Mayelana nolimi, isiphequluli noma isifunda.
- De ukuhlaziywa: Ukukala umsebenzi nokuhlaziya indlela esiziphatha ngayo.
- Ukukhangisa: Ukuphathwa kokukhangisa okuboniswa kumsebenzisi.
- I-Publicidad isimilo: Bakha iphrofayili eqondile nehlukile yomsebenzisi.
Njengoba ubonile, bathola imininingwane ebalulekile futhi cishe njalo bagxila kuyo qondisa kabusha ukuxhumana kwethu kuwebhu.
Yiluphi ulwazi amakhukhi analo ngami?
Ngamafuphi sesivele sathola ukuthi amakhukhi angama- amafayili wombhalo amancane anesibopho sokutshela imikhiqizo nezinkampani ezikhiqizela umsebenzi nokuziphatha kwethu kwi-intanethi. Ngale ndlela bangasinikeza imikhiqizo ethile noma izinsizakalo ezithile.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukusinikeza leyo mikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo gcina lolu hlobo lolwazi ngathi:
- Amakheli we-imeyili namaphasiwedi.
- Inombolo yocingo nekheli.
- Ikheli lethu le-IP.
- Uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhompyutha yethu.
- Isiphequluli esisisebenzisayo.
- Umlando wokuphequlula wakamuva.
Cishe imininingwane engaphezulu kunalokho obukucabanga, kepha sifuna ukukugcizelela lokho ngombono, lawa makhukhi faka kuphela imininingwane engaziwa (LINK), okungenani yilokhu okushiwo yi-European Union kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezilawulayo.
Ukubheka lokhu, sizohlukanisa okunye izinhlobo ezimbili zamakhukhi kuye ngomhlinzeki noma ukuthi siwaphatha kanjani:
- Okwakho: Zenziwa kuwebhu esivakashelayo.
- Kusuka kubantu besithathu: Bangabakhangisi noma labo abaphethe ukuphatha lolu lwazi, kodwa hhayi kuwebhusayithi esiyisebenzisayo.
Ngokungenakuqhathaniswa lapho sicabanga ngamakhukhi "avela eceleni", sicabanga ukuthi iwebhu ithengisa imininingwane yethu, futhi lokhu kunjalo. Empeleni, Ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa yi-European Union, ama-cookies angama-70% avela kubantu besithathu futhi umsebenzi wawo ukusinikeza ukukhangisa okwenzelwe wena.
Angithinta kanjani amakhukhi?
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ungathola imininingwane yokukhangisa ebhekiswe ngokweqile kokuncamelayo, kokunye okungahle kube lusizo, amakhukhi zingaba nengozi.
Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, bangagcina bakhiqize inani elikhulu lemininingwane yesikhashana nengunaphakade okuhlala isikhala sokugcina esingafuneki, okungaholela ekuphatheni le datha ukugwema ukuphazamiseka.
Esinye isibonelo ukuthi iziphequluli ezithile kunganqotshwa ukuphathwa kwalezi zinsiza, lokhu kungagcwalisa i-hardware futhi sizogcina ngokusebenza kwesistimu okungafuneki. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuba ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo kolwazi, kungathinta ngqo ukusebenza kwebhethri kanye nesilinganiso sedatha kumadivayisi eselula.
Ngokufanayo, kunezinhlelo ze-spyware ezikwazi ukufinyelela kulwazi oluqukethwe kumakhukhi futhi lokhu kungabeka ubumfihlo bethu engcupheni ngendlela ebucayi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo. Lokhu okwedlule akuyona into ejwayelekile, kepha kuyacaca.
Ungawasusa kanjani amakhukhi
Ukuqeda amakhukhi kuyindlela ekhona kuzo zonke iziphequluli ze-intanethi, ngokuyinhloko ngokubaluleka komthetho. Sincoma ukuthi uvame ukususa amakhukhi kusiphequluli sakho ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwayo ngokujwayelekile.
Ukususa amakhukhi imvamisa akukho sigaba esithile, esikwenzayo ukuya kunketho "susa idatha yokuphequlula" etholakala kuGoogle Chrome, Mozila Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer naseSafari phakathi kwezinye. Sincoma ukuthi usule ngokuphelele idatha yakho yokuphequlula, hhayi eyakamuva nje.
Enye inketho lungiselela isiphequluli sethu ukuvimba wonke amakhukhi. Lesi yisici esikhona kuziphequluli ezinjengeSafari ne-Chrome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGoogle isivele ixwayisile ukuthi kuzinhlelo ezizayo ze-Chrome wonke amakhukhi azovinjwa ngokuzenzakalela.
Ngokumane uzulazule kuzilungiselelo zobumfihlo zesiphequluli sethu, sizokwazi ukuvimba amakhukhi ngokuzenzakalela. Noma kunjalo, Lokhu kungadala ukuthi amanye amakhasi ewebhu angasebenzi njengoba kade enza kuze kube manje noma asivunyelwe ukwenza izinketho ezithile uma singavumi ukugcina la makhukhi, lokho kuzoxhomeka kithina.
Kuzokwenzekani kumakhukhi ngokuzayo?
Izifunda ezithile, ikakhulukazi i-European Union, sezimemezele impi ngamakhukhi, futhi izinkampani zobuchwepheshe sezivele zifuna ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zezinqubo. Akungabazeki lAmakhukhi ayizinto ezikhiqiza inzuzo enganakwa kubasebenzisi kodwa inzuzo enkulu kumikhiqizo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ubumfihlo kuphela noma ukuphepha okungathikamezeka yilokho kwalaba basebenzisi.
Ngakho-ke, konke kukhombisa lokho Kungekudala, amakhukhi azogcina "acime" noma ajwayele unomphela umthetho omusha. Lokhu kuzobenza babe namandla amancane futhi kube lula ukuphatha.
Okwamanje, izinxushunxushu zamakhukhi zigcwele amakhasi ewebhu ezaziso namabhanela acasulayo ikakhulukazi kumawebhusayithi asekelwe ngaphandle kwe-European Union.
Singakwazi ukuphatha okuqukethwe kwethu kwama-cookies okuhlaziya ngqo kufayela le- iwebhusayithi «Europa Analytics» (LINK) Lapha sizofunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuqapha nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwamanye amawebhusayithi, ikakhulukazi lawo e-European Commission.
Le protocol yesenzo iyatholakala ngokusobala kunoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi, ngakho-ke isebenza njengesibonelo esicacile sokuphathwa kwamakhukhi athembekile. Okwamanje, ngeke sibe nenye indlela ngaphandle kokuqhubeka samukela izaziso ezivela kaningi kumawebhusayithi esiwavakashela kaningi ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhukhi nezinto esizithandayo.