Iningi lama-athikili engiwashicilela kuma-Technology Guides ahlala aqala ngawo ukubheka emuva kokwedlule njengesingeniso yendaba engizoyiphatha (iminyaka ingokuhlangenwe nakho). Kulokhu, angizukukhetha futhi ngaphambi kokungena odabeni, sizobuyela emuva eminyakeni embalwa.
Ngaphambi kokufika kwe-inthanethi, amanethiwekhi wemishini yekhompyutha babenqunyelwe ekwabelaneni ngamafayela nabaphrinta ikakhulukazi, ngaphezu kwesicelo sokuphatha ebesiseva yenkampani. Uma iqembu belikwazi ukufinyelela kuseva, konke bekusebenza.
Lapho i-intanethi iqala ukuba yithuluzi lomsebenzi wansuku zonke, lokhu yaqalwa kumanethiwekhi wemishini yekhompyutha. Enye yezinkinga ososayensi bamakhompiyutha ababehlala bebhekene nayo ukuthi i-intanethi yayingafinyeleli kuwo wonke amakhompyutha yize ikhompyutha yayixhunywe kunethiwekhi.
Ngokufika kokuxhumeka okungenantambo (i-Wi-Fi), ukuxhumeka akudingi ukuxhumeka kuzo zonke izindawo futhi ukuxhumana bekulula kakhulu ukudala nokunakekela ngoba uma ikhompyutha iyeka ukuxhumana, inkinga ibitholakala kuleyo khompyutha hhayi kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
Kodwa-ke, uma ikhompyutha iyi- ixhunywe ngaphandle kokufinyelela i-inthanethi, inkinga ayigcini esimweni esisodwa, kepha kungaba neziningana ezingaba imbangela yalenkinga. Into yokuqala okumele siyazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani inethiwekhi yekhompyutha.
Isebenza kanjani inethiwekhi
Inethiwekhi yamakhompiyutha ivumela yonke imishini ukuxhuma (amakhompyutha, amathebulethi, ama-smartphone, amathelevishini ahlakaniphile, amabhokisi asethelwe phezulu, amadivayisi we-home automation, amaphrinta, ama-hard drive ...) nomunye futhi wabelane izinsiza. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sixhuma ikhompyutha kumzila wethu wasekhaya, iba yingxenye yenethiwekhi futhi sabelana ngamafayela nezinsizakusebenza.
Njengamanje, yize ukuphepha kwamanethiwekhi angenantambo uhlale umsebenzi omkhuluLezi yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba umhlangano wazo ushibhile futhi ushesha kakhulu kunenethiwekhi ngezintambo ze-ethernet.
Lapho sithola ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi (angizukubuyela kumamodemu we-14.400, 28.800 kanye nama-56.000 bps), opharetha bafaka imodemu eyasinika ukuxhumana kwe-ADSL, modem obekufanele sixhume kwi-PC yethu ngekhebula le-RJ45 ethernet.
Uma besifuna ukujabulela i-Wi-Fi, bekufanele sithenge umzila Kuzimele ukuyixhuma ku-router nokuthi lokhu kusabalalisa isignali ngaphandle kwentambo kulo lonke ikhaya noma emagcekeni uma kuyihhovisi.
Njengamanje yonke imizila efakwe opharetha faka umsebenzi we-router, ngoba bayi-AIO (bonke-in-one) ukuze abasebenzisi kungadingeki ukuthi batshale imali ku-router eyengeziwe ukuze babe nokuxhumeka okungenantambo ekhaya noma ehhovisi, yize abaningi bevame ukwenza kanjalo ngenxa yekhwalithi engemihle yemodemu- ama-routers afakwa opharetha ukuze khulisa isignali ye-Wi-Fi futhi / noma ukhethe ukusebenzisa Izikhulisi ze-Wi-Fi.
para xhuma kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi sidinga kuphela ukwazi izinto ezimbili: igama lenethiwekhi (elaziwa njenge I-SSID) nephasiwedi yenethiwekhi. Uma sesixhumekile kunethiwekhi, sizokwazi ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amakhompyutha axhunyiwe, inqobo nje uma ikhompyutha ivumela ikhompyutha ukuthi yabelane ngemininingwane nenethiwekhi.
Ixhunyiwe kepha ngaphandle kokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi: ungayilungisa kanjani?
Njengoba ngiphawulile ezigabeni ezedlule, Isixazululo sale nkinga asihlukile, ngoba kunezici eziningana ezingaphazamisa ukuxhumana.
Ikhebula linqanyuliwe
Uma sihambise umzila noma simane sasihambisa kancane ukulihlanza, kungenzeka ukuthi ikhebula lokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi elivela emgwaqweni, iphumile noma ayixhumani kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi ikhambi elisobala kakhulu elokugcina ukubhekelwa lapho kufanele kube elokuqala.
Qala kabusha i-router
Iningi lama-routers anamuhla aklanyelwe vulwa unomphela ngaphandle kokunikeza noma yiziphi izinkinga zokusebenza. Isixazululo esilula njengokuqalisa kabusha i-router yethu kungaba yisixazululo senkinga yokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi yokuxhumeka kwethu.
Setha kabusha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi
Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani singaxhunywa kunethiwekhi kepha singakujabuleli ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kungenxa yokuthi ukungqubuzana kwama-IP wenethiwekhi yethu. Kulezi zimo, isixazululo ukusetha kabusha amasethingi enethiwekhi ukuze ikhadi lizihlele kabusha lisebenzise ngokuzenzakalela kusetshenziswa ezinye izilungiselelo ze-IP ezingahlobene nanoma iyiphi enye impahla exhunywe kunethiwekhi.
Bheka i-firewall
IWindows firewall iphethe ukulawula konke ukuxhumana okusungulwe ngemishini ukuvimbela abangani babanye abantu ukuthi bangene kwimishini yethu uma sinembobo evulekile noma ukuxhumana okungafanele kube.
Uma ngabe uxhumeke kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi futhi iqembu libuze ukuthi ngabe sifuna ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi ngalolo xhumo, siphendule ngokuthi cha, asisoze sakwazi ukuxhumana ne-inthanethi, ngakho-ke kuzofanele susa lokho kuxhumeka bese ukwengeza kwikhompyutha.
Dlulisa i-antivirus
Noma kunjalo Windows Defender, i-antivirus ehlanganiswe ku-Windows 10 ingenye ye-antivirus engcono kakhulu esingayithola okwamanje emakethe, ungahlala njalo Pasar uhlobo oluthile lwefayela lelo ifinyelele eqenjini lethu nge-hard drive yangaphandle, i-pendrive noma enye indlela.
Akukaze kube buhlungu ukudlula ku-antivirus wonke amadivayisi / amayunithi wokugcina esiwaxhuma kwimishini yethu, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi sithole uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane elicasha kumtapo wezincwadi hhayi ku-executable, okuyilapho i-antivirus isesha khona izinto ezinobungozi.
Inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi
Onke ama-routers afakwa opharetha, okungenani iningi lawo, asinikeza ukuxhumana kwe-2,4 GHz no-5 Ghz. Ngenkathi okwedlule kuhlose ukunikela ngobubanzi obukhulu, amanethiwekhi we-5 GHz asinikeza isivinini sokuxhuma esiphakeme. Into ejwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi womabili amanethiwekhi asebenze, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi enye yamadivayisi esiwasebenzisayo, ayihambelani namanethiwekhi we-5 GHz.
Yize kungejwayelekile, kepha kuvamile ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamacala, abanye abasebenzisi nciphisa uxhumano lwe-inthanethi kwelinye lamabhendi kuphela, ikakhulukazi i-5GHz ngenkathi inethiwekhi ye-2,4 GHz ikhawulelwe ekwabelaneni ngokuqukethwe ekhaya noma ehhovisi. Uma kunjalo, kufanele sihlole ukuthi ngabe eyodwa yalezi zinethiwekhi ezimbili esixhuma kuzo zikwazi ukufinyelela kwi-inthanethi ukulanda inkinga.
Izinkinga zomsebenzi
Inkinga yokuqala okufanele siyikhiphe ngaphambi kokuqala ukucabanga ngenkinga ukukhipha ukuthi iyi- izehlakalo zomugqa, inkinga evimbela i-intanethi ukuthi ifinyelele kwi-modem-router yethu futhi ephethe ukuyisabalalisa kulo lonke ikhaya lethu noma ihhovisi.
Indlela esheshayo yokuhlola ukuthi sinokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi yini sebenzisa enye idivayisi. Uma inokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi, inkinga ikukhompyutha yethu.
Kulezi zimo, okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza susa indawo yokufinyelela yenethiwekhi uphinde uyenze futhi, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi sifake uhlelo lokusebenza oluphazamisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi noma ukuthi, singaqondile, sithinte isigaba sokucushwa kokuxhuma.
Uma sisebenzisa okuphindayo
Abaphindayo bezimpawu ze-Wi-Fi kumele basondele ebangeni le-router ukuze ikwazi ukuphinda isignali ngekhwalithi. Uma isiginali okufanele uyiphinde ayinayo ikhwalithi enhle, ngoba ikhona ukuphazanyiswa kwamandla kagesi ngendlela noma i-router ikude nokuphindayo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi noma sikwazi ukuxhuma ophindayo, asinakho ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi.
Akuyona ikhadi lenethiwekhi
Uma idivayisi yethu ithola xhuma kunethiwekhi kodwa ube nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethiNgeke siyithole inkinga ekhadini lenethiwekhi, ngoba lixhuma ku-router, elibhekele ukusabalalisa ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi okutholwe ngemodemu ehlanganisiwe.
Futhi i-DNS ayiyona
I-DNS akukho abangakwenza noma ngabe siyakwazi ukufinyelela i-Intanethi noma cha, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukuhumusha amagama aqondakalayo kubantu abenze okokuhlonza kanambambili okuphathelene nemishini exhunywe kunethiwekhi ukuze bathole futhi baqondise okokusebenza kumaseva lapho kutholakala khona amakhasi ewebhu .
Ikhasi ngalinye lewebhu empeleni ikheli le-IP, kepha ukwenza kube lula ukukhumbula amagama, kusetshenziswa amagama ahlobene nama-IPs. Akufani ukufaka ikheli le-Google IP kusiphequluli (kucatshangwa ukuthi bekuyi-333.54.445.111) kune-google.es, kepha empeleni uma sithayipha i-google.es uhlelo lubhekene nokuqondisa kabusha leyo URL ku-IP ehambisanayo.
Enye into okufanele icatshangelwe
Into eyodwa ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yethu, ukuxhumana esikwenzayo lapho sixhuma ku-router yekhompyutha yethu kanti okunye ukuxhumana kwi-Intanethi okwenziwa ngemodemu. Singaxhunywa kunethiwekhi yethu kepha hhayi kwi-inthanethi uma umhlinzeki enesigameko. Noma singenayo i-inthanethi, singaqhubeka nokwabelana ngamadivayisi kanye / namafayela ngenethiwekhi.