Namuhla sesijwayele ukuzisebenzisa futhi ziyingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke, cishe ngathi. Sibhekisela komakhalekhukhwini, namuhla kakade Smartphones esingaxhuma ngayo ku-inthanethi futhi senze izinto eziyinkulungwane. Nokho, umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala emlandweni Akubonanga ukukhanya kwaze kwaba ngu-1983 I-Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, esizokhuluma ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
Umlando wale mishini mude kunalokho okubonakala, kodwa okumangaza kakhulu ukuvela kwayo okumangalisayo. Lawo maselula okuqala ayefisa kuphela ukukwazi ukunikeza izinsizakalo zezingcingo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izintambo noma amadivaysi angaguquki, amafoni angasetshenziswa noma yikuphi, inqobo nje uma kunokufakwa okwanele. Akukho okuhlanganisa zonke izinto ezingenziwa namuhla nge-smartphone. Kodwa leso kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala okwakumelwe sithathwe. Futhi umuntu owanikela ngakho UMartin Cooper.
Lo njiniyela kusuka Samsung idizayine umfanekiso ongajwayelekile kakhulu: i-Motorola DynaTAC 8000X bekuwucingo olwalunesisindo esingu-1,1 kg futhi lunikeza ibanga lemizuzu engama-30 ukwenza noma ukwamukela izingcingo. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kwakudingeka ukuthi ishajwe kabusha, okwakudingeka ubekezele, ngoba kwakudingeka okungenani amahora angu-10 ukuqedela ukushajwa. Njengabasebenzisi, namuhla konke lokhu kubonakala kungamukeleki, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyinguquko yangempela. Igama elithi TAC laliyisifinyezo salo Ingqikithi Yendawo Esetshenziswayo.
UCooper uthathwa njengephayona. Njengoba yena ngokwakhe esechazile izikhathi eziningi, uthole ugqozi lokusungula kwakhe ochungechungeni lwe-Star Trek, lapho uKaputeni uKirk asebenzise idivayisi yokuxhumana efana naleyo esiyiqonda namuhla njengeselula.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli amanje, i-DynaTAC 800X "iwumthethosivivinywa". Hhayi nje ngenxa yesisindo sayo esikhulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo (33 cm ubude x 8,9 ububanzi kanye 4,5 cm ubukhulu). Phezu kwalokho, ibibiza ngendlela engakholakali, cishe into ewubukhazikhazi eyaqala ukudayiswa cishe ngama-US$4.000. Futhi namanje amayunithi angaphezu kuka-300.000 adayisiwe!
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nayo ibiphuma kulolu cingo ethunyelwe ngalo i-SMS yokuqala ngqa. KwakunguDisemba 1985 futhi umlayezo wawuthi "Merry Christmas!"
Isendlalelo
Ngaphandle kokuphazamisa u-Cooper u nakancane, iqiniso liwukuthi umqondo weselula wawusuvele usezingqondweni zonjiniyela abaningi cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi eminyakeni yama-20s kakade kwakukhona ama-prototypes wezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo, eziklanyelwe ukufakwa ezimotweni.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, inkampani AT & T (okwakungaleso sikhathi okwakunoxhaxha lwezingcingo e-United States) wethula uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi Isevisi Yefoni Ephathwayo, okwakungeyona into engaphezu kwalokho: isiphakamiso sikamakhalekhukhwini wokuqala emlandweni. Umbono wawudinga ukuthunyelwa okubalulekile kwezindlela. Isistimu ifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-trunk yemoto, ixhunywe kudeshibhodi ngentambo. Kude kakhulu nomqondo weselula ephaketheni esinayo namuhla.
Lo mshini omkhulu wehliswa kancane kancane ngosayizi futhi ngeminyaka yawo-60 wawungangena esikhwameni. Okwenziwa nguCooper ngokulandelayo kwakuwukulandela lo mugqa waze waklama idivayisi elawulekayo, umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala.
Ukuvela komakhalekhukhwini
Kulandela indlela evulwe iMotorola DynaTAC 8000X, umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala emlandweni, izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni wonke zethule ukwenza izinhlobo zazo zamaselula. Ngale ndlela, amanye amamodeli alula kakhulu abona ukukhanya, njenge I-Mobira Cityman kaNokia, yethulwa ngo-1987, iselula "kuphela" enesisindo esingamagremu angama-760.
Ukugxuma kokuqala kokuziphendukela kwemvelo emhlabeni wocingo lweselula kwafika eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, nalokho okubizwa ngesizukulwane se-2G. Imodeli yokuqala ye-2G kwakuyi- Nokia 1011, kusukela ngo-1993, owokuqala ochungechungeni lwamamodeli alula, anama-antenna amafushane nama-casings amancane.
Iphinde isuke enkathini efanayo uSimon kusuka ibm, kusukela ngo-1994, into enkulu engaziwa. Abaningi babheka le modeli njenge i-smartphone yokuqala emlandweni, njengoba bekungokokuqala ukunikeza isikrini sokuthinta nokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu leminyaka, omakhalekhukhwini abanama-keyboard nabo babezofika, izanduleli zalezi ezidumile Blackberry, i-clamshell noma amamodeli eselula agoqekayo, kanye namafoni anesikrini sombala, njenge I-Siemens S10 1998. Lezo kwakuyizikhathi lapho i-Nokia ne-Motorola bebusa imakethe.
Ngokuqala kwekhulu leminyaka saqala ukubona amafoni afakwe amakhamera anesizotha (akukho lutho oluhlangene nalawo onobuhle bamanje) futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ngo-2001, omakhalekhukhwini be-3G bafika. Ngaleso sikhathi, umakhalekhukhwini wawuvele usetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Amanye amamodeli angaleso sikhathi, njenge Nokia 3310 isasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
Umqondo we-iPhone ne-smartphone
Ngo-2007, ukubonakala kwe- i-iPhone yokuqala Kwakungenye ingqopha-mlando enkulu emlandweni wale mishini. Ikhibhodi ye-QWERTY nezinkinobho ezibonakalayo bezingasekho, esikhundleni sazo kwafakwa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuthinta. Lolu shintsho lwenza ukuthi kube nesikrini esikhulu ukuze uphequlule i-inthanethi kalula. I-smartphone noma i-smart phone yayisivele ingokoqobo eyashintsha izimpilo zethu.
Impumelelo emangalisayo ye-iPhone yenze i-Google isabele. Kusukela lapho, siye sahambela lokho ukuncintisana noma ukuncintisana phakathi kwe-iOS ne-Android. Okunye umlando. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, siye sabona ukwethulwa kwamamodeli amasha, isikhathi ngasinye eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enamandla. Siphinde sabona ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-5G kanye nokwethulwa kwama-prototypes esikhathi esizayo anamakhono nezici ezibonakala zithathwe ku-movie eqanjiwe yesayensi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kube nezinguquko ezinkulu emakethe. Ngaphezu kwe-Apple, okwamanje kunemikhiqizo yase-Asia (Samsung, Huawei, Xiaomi kanye nabanye) labo abaphethe umkhakha. Kubukeka kungakholeki ukuthi lawa maselula amahle angabalandeli baleyo Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. Nokho, konke kwaqala ngaye, ngomakhalekhukhwini wokuqala emlandweni. Akumele sikukhohlwe.