Sebenza ngezinhlelo zespredishithi ezifana Excel inikeza amathuba angenamkhawulo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafomula ahlukahlukene nokulingana. Imisebenzi etholakalayo ihlanganisa cishe noma yisiphi isidingo esinaso semibhalo yethu yezemfundo neyezobuchwepheshe. Namuhla sizogxila ngqo embuzweni ka ukubala kanjani ukuphambuka okujwayelekile ku-excel.
Yini ukuphambuka okujwayelekile?
Lo mqondo ubaluleke kakhulu lapho kwenziwa izibalo. Kuyaziwa futhi ngamagama okuphambuka okujwayelekile noma ukuphambuka okujwayelekile, ukumelwa ngendlela efushanisiwe ngonobumba omncane wonobumba omncane wegama lesiGriki sigma (σ) noma uhlamvu lwesiLatini "s". Iphinde imelwe yi-SD efushanisiwe, kusuka esiNgisini ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.
Le mitha isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhluka noma ukusabalalisa kwesethi noma isampula yedatha yezinombolo. Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kuhlala kukhulu noma kulingana no-zero. Lapho izinga lokuphambuka liphansi (eduze kuka-zero), kusho ukuthi idatha eningi igxilwe eduze kwencazelo; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga eliphakeme lokuphambuka likhombisa ukuthi idatha isakazeke kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi bamanani.
Ukubalwa kokuchezuka okujwayelekile kungaba nakho izicelo ezingokoqobo ezifundweni ezithile zezibalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okukhulu ukusivumela ukuthi sazi izinga lokusabalalisa okujwayelekile kokuguquguqukayo, okungukuthi, ukuthi amanani ahlukile eqembu aqhele kangakanani kunani elijwayelekile.
Izibonelo ezintathu ezihlukene zobudlelwano phakathi kwencazelo nokuphambuka okujwayelekile
El imidwebo kule migqa kukhombisa izibonelo ezintathu ezehlukene zokuchezuka okujwayelekile: okuphezulu, okuphakathi nokwehla, ngasinye sihlobene nenani elithile lesilinganiso.
Indlela engahlanzekile yokuyichaza ngesibonelo esilandelayo. Amacala amabili ahlukene:
- Icala 1: Ake sicabange ngeqembu lezelamani ezineminyaka engama-38, 40 nengama-42 ubudala. Isilinganiso singama-40, kepha i- ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kuncane, ngoba wonke amanani asondele kuyo, ngamanani aneminyaka emibili kuphela ngaphandle kwenani elijwayelekile.
- Icala le-2Manje ake sicabange ukuthi iminyaka yezelamani ineminyaka engama-25, 40 nengama-55 ubudala. Incazelo isazoba ngama-40, kepha ukusabalala kukhulu. Okungukuthi, ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kukhulu, ngamanani asele iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ukusuka kunani elijwayelekile.
Ukwazi ukuphambuka okushiwo nokwejwayelekile kokusatshalaliswa kochungechunge lwedatha, kungenzeka ukubala amathuba okuthola umphumela ophakeme noma ophansi maqondana nenani elithile. Yize kungabonakala njengokungaqondakali kwabaningi, lokhu kubalwa kunomthelela omkhulu ekumodeleni kwezezimali, ngokwesibonelo.
Kepha esikhundleni sokubeka engcupheni yokulahleka kumamaki wezibalo, ake sigxile embuzweni omkhulu nasesihlokweni esiphakathi kokuthunyelwe kwethu: ukuthi ukubala kanjani ukuphambuka okujwayelekile ku-Excel.
Ungakubala kanjani ukuphambuka okujwayelekile ku-Excel
Ukwenza lokhu kubalwa kwezibalo ekhasini lokusebenzela le-Excel kulula futhi kushesha kakhulu. Ukufeza lokhu kuzodingeka silandele lezi zinyathelo:
- Okokuqala nje kuzoba khona faka iMicrosoft Excel bese ufinyelela kuspredishithi Lokho kuqukethe idatha esifuna ukuthola kuyo ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.
- Okulandelayo kufanele sethule amanani esifuna ukuwasebenzisa. Kulokhu sizokhetha ikholomu futhi sizobhala inani ledatha ngayinye kumaseli ngamunye.
- Lapho sesifake yonke idatha kukholamu ekhethiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukuchofoza ku-a iseli elingenalutho. Lelo yiseli elikhethelwe umphumela lapho inani lokuphambuka okujwayelekile lizovela khona.
- Phezulu kubha sizokwethula ifomula kokuchezuka okujwayelekile kweseli elingenalutho esilikhethile. Ifomula yile:
= UKUDLULA.P (XX: XX)
I-STDEV ifushane ngokuthi "ukuphambuka okujwayelekile," kuyilapho u-P emele inani labantu, "okungukuthi," isampula. " Amanani angena kubakaki ahambisana namaseli akhethiwe aqukethe amanani ahlukile aleso sampuli.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo nikeza ububanzi bamanani lapho i-Excel izobala khona. Lokhu kufanele kufakwe kahle phakathi kwabakaki. Lapho kufanele ubhale uhlamvu nenombolo yeseli ngayinye. Uma amaseli ehambelana, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ku-A2 kuye ku-A20, sizomane sibhale owokuqala nowokugcina ohlukaniswe yikholoni (:). Ukulandela lesi sibonelo, kungabonakala kanjena: = STDEV.P (A2: A20).
- Isinyathelo sokugcina ukucindezela ukhiye «Faka» ukuze i-Excel isebenzise ifomula futhi ibonise umphumela kuseli elikhethwe ekuqaleni.
Umsebenzi we-STDE ku-Microsoft Excel usebenzisa ifomula elandelayo:
Lapho i- "x" ithatha inani lesilinganiso sesampula esimaphakathi (inani1, inani2, ...) kanye ne- "n" imele usayizi wayo.
Ezinye izibalo nge-Excel
Ngaphezu kokwazi ukubala ukuphambuka okujwayelekile ku-Excel, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lapho sihlela idatha kuma-worksheet wethu kuzofanele sisebenzise amanye amafomula. Okuvame kakhulu yilokho okusivumela ukubala amanani anjenge kusho, okuphakathi, imodi, nokwehluka.
Media
Njengoba wonke umuntu azi, i- abezindaba (okubizwa nangokuthi i-arithmetic mean) kungumphumela wokungeza amanani wezinombolo ahlukile futhi uwahlukanise ngenani eliphelele lezinto ochungechungeni. Ukuthola okushiwo, isistimu icishe ifane naleyo esetshenziselwe ukubala ukuphambuka okujwayelekile ku-Excel. Umehluko kuphela ifomula esetshenziswayo, kulokhu kulokhu: = ISILINGANISO (valueX: valueY).
Ephakathi
La umlamuleli kweqoqo lezinombolo, okuvame ukudideka nencazelo, yilelo nani elisesimweni esishoyo sochungechunge. Akudingeki ukuthi ifane nencazelo. Ifomula esetshenziselwa ukubalwa kwayo ku-Excel yile: = I-MEDIAN (valueX: valueY).
imfashini
La moda kweqoqo lezinombolo inani eliphindwa kaningi. Futhi akudingeki ukuthi ifane nalokho okushiwo noma okuphakathi. Ifomula yokuyibala ku-Excel yile: = IMODE (valueX: valueY).
ukuhluka
Lo mqondo uyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe kunangaphambili. I- ukuhlukahluka ixhunyaniswe eduze nencazelo nokuphambuka okujwayelekile. Ngenye indlela yokukala ukusabalalisa kweqoqo lamanani ezinombolo, kubhekiswa kuphela "ebangeni" lapho iqoqo lamanani lisuka khona kunchazelo. Ifomula: = VAR (inaniX: inaniY).