Ukwazi kanjani i-IP ye-PC yethu kulula kakhulu kunendlela esicabanga ngayo futhi yize kuyiqiniso kungabonakala njengokuthize esingeke sikusebenzise kaningi kakhulu, kungasiza kakhulu ezikhathini eziningi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ungayithola kanjani futhi kuphi i-IP ye-PC yami ene-Windows operating system, Mac, Linux noma i-iOS ne-Android.
Kulokhu kufanele sicacise ngokusobala ukuthi iyini i-IP nokuthi ingasebenzisani ukwazi le nombolo wonke amakhompyutha anayo. Kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zekheli le-IP, eyodwa IP Yomphakathi futhi a IP yangasese kodwa asihambe ngezingxenye.
Lithini ikheli le-IP?
Ikheli le-IP lemishini yethu linjengoba sisho okokuhlonza njengepuleti lelayisense noma i-DNI esivumela ngokoqobo khomba kalula okokusebenza kunethiwekhi. Le nombolo ivumela amanye amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane nathi ukuze sabelane ngolwazi, idatha nokuningi.
Kuyindlela elula nephumelelayo yokwazi ukuthi imishini yethu ixhunywe kunethiwekhi futhi sikwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuqukethwe. I-IP yinto engenakuguqulwa ngumsebenzisi kepha kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-IP, i- IP Yomphakathi futhi i IP yangasese.
Yini i-IP Yomphakathi?
Kulokhu I-IP Yomphakathi iyinombolo amadivayisi axhunywe kwimishini yethu ayibona ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yendawookungukuthi, inombolo ebonwe ngamakhompyutha axhunywe ku-router efanayo izoba ne-IP Yomphakathi, ngoba le router izofana nabo bonke.
Kunoma iliphi ikhaya noma ihhovisi le IP iyona ezosetshenziswa ukuze ukwazi ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi Ngenombolo yakho ye-IP ehlotshaniswa nawo wonke amakhompyutha, ngale ndlela lapho upheqa uzokhonjwa futhi ukufinyelela kumakhasi e-web, izinhlelo kanye nezinye izinsiza eziku-inthanethi kuzoba ne-IP yakho ebhalisiwe. Ake "sibhekwe" ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ungathola ukuthi yini i-IP yakho yomphakathi ngokuvakashela ngqo lesi sixhumanisi sewebhu.
Yini i-IP yangasese?
Kulokhu, i-IP yangasese iyona esetshenziswa yikhompyutha, iselula noma enye idivayisi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi yendawo. Ngayo singaxhuma amakhompyutha amaningana kunethiwekhi ye-LAN futhi ngokunengqondo kuwo singaxhuma ku-router, lapho sizokwazi khona ukubona ikhompyutha ngayinye exhunyiwe.
Kumele sikukhumbule lokho amakheli e-IP ayimfihlo ahlukaniswa amabanga ama-3 amasethi wezinombolo futhi imvamisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Isigaba A: kusuka ku-10.0.0.0 kuya ku-10.255.255.255. Lolu hlobo lwezinombolo luvame ukusetshenziselwa amanethiwekhi amakhulu, njengalawo wezizwe eziningi
- Isigaba B: kusuka ku-172.16.0.0 kuya ku-172.31.255.255. Ama-IP aphakathi kwalezi zingqimba enzelwe amanethiwekhi aphakathi nendawo, afana nawenkampani yasendaweni, izitolo noma amanyuvesi
- Isigaba C: kusuka ngo-192.168.0.0 kuya ku-192.168.255.255. Kulokhu, ama-IP anezinombolo ngokuvamile ahambelana namanethiwekhi amancane, phakathi kwawo kukhona lawo ekhaya.
Luyini uxhumano lwe-IP olungaguquguquki nolunamandla?
Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamakheli we-IP atholakalayo, i-IP emile ne-IP enamandla. Njengoba igama labo lisho, lawa makheli we-IP ahlukaniswa ngohlobo. I-IP emile inikeza umsebenzisi isivinini sokulanda esiphakeme kanye nokuzinza okukhulu, yize kuliqiniso ukuthi basengozini enkulu ekuhlaselweni yizinkampani zangaphandle ngoba zihlala "ziyizinombolo ezifanayo" ezivumela abaduni ukuthi bazifinyelele kalula futhi ngokuba ngama-IP adinga imali ekhokhwa njalo ngenyanga kanye nokulungiselelwa okwenziwa ngesandla.
Ngasohlangothini lwakho i-IP enamandla yiyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni okuningi futhi inikezela ngezinombolo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma ngakunye. Lolu hlobo lokuxhuma lunikeza ukuzinza okuncane futhi yingakho izikhathi eziningi opharetha besincoma ukuthi siqale kabusha i-router yasekhaya, ukuthola i-IP ezinze kakhudlwana.
Ungayazi kanjani i-IP ye-PC yami
Sifike ngesikhathi esiyisihluthulelo futhi lokho ukuthi manje sesizobona ukuthi singayazi kanjani i-IP ye-PC yethu ngendlela elula nephumelelayo ngezindlela ezimbili. Owokuqala wabo ulula kakhulu futhi ngokuqinisekile ngamunye wenu uzowusebenzisa ukwazi ukuthi yini i-IP yemishini. Imayelana nokusebenzisa umyalo ovela ewindini lokusesha, ngoba lokhu kufanele sicindezele izinkinobho ezimbili futhi ngqo ukuvula amawindi ukuphela.
Ngenxa yalokhu kufanele cindezela izinkinobho IWindows + R bese ubhala umyalo cmd.exe ebhokisini lengxoxo. Manje ake bhala ngqo umyalo ipconfig futhi yonke idatha yethimba lethu izoqala ukulayishwa.
Kuyo yonke le mininingwane, leyo esithandayo yileyo ebonakala ihlotshaniswa nekhadi lenethiwekhi futhi imininingwane sizoyinikwa yi Ikheli le-IPv4 ephethe ukukhombisa i-IP eyabelwe eqenjini lethu.
Ungayazi kanjani i-IP kwimenyu ye-Windows
Enye inketho esikhona kwiWindows ukubona i-IP yemishini yethu ukufinyelela ngqo imenyu yeWindows, ukufinyelela kuthreyi yohlelo bese uchofoza kusithonjana seNethiwekhi. Esikhungweni samanethiwekhi nezinsizakusebenza ezabiwe sizothola lonke ulwazi mayelana ne-IP yethu, kufanele sichofoze kokukhethwa kukho Shintsha amasethingi e-adaptha bese ukhetha ikhadi lenethiwekhi esisebenzisayo.
Ngokuchofoza inkinobho yemininingwane, imininingwane emayelana nekheli le-IPv4 izovela, okufanayo njengoba sibonile ngaphambili ngenye indlela. Kunoma ikuphi, i-IP kulokhu kufanele ifane futhi lokhu futhi kuzoba enye indlela elula yokwazi le IP.
Ungayithola kanjani i-IP kwi-Mac
Kuyacaca ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwemishini oyisebenzisayo ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi, i-IP ihlukile kulowo nalowo mathuluzi oxhunywe ku-router efanayo, yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi ingashintsha uma uqala kabusha i-router noma uvula icishiwe, kunoma iyiphi idivayisi oyixhume ku-router efanayo iyohlala ifana naye. Onke amadivayisi ane-IP yawo ehlukile yawo kepha lokhu kungahluka ngokuqala kabusha komzila abaxhumeke kuwo.
Kulokhu, ukubona i-IP kwi-Mac kulula njengokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinketho esinazo ezitholakala kusistimu uqobo, kulokhu kunezindlela eziningi zokuyazi kepha sizokukhombisa eyodwa yazo. Kulula njengokungena kufayela le- Izintandokazi Zesistimu bese uqhafaza kunketho yeNethiwekhi. Iwindi lizovuleka ngqo ngayo yonke imininingwane yokuxhumana nekheli le-IP lemishini yethu.
Ungayazi kanjani i-IP ku-iOS
Uma une-iPhone, i-iPad noma i-iPod Touch, ungathola futhi ikheli labo le-IP kalula kusuka kudivayisi uqobo. Kulokhu kumane nje kulula njengakwamanye amadivayisi futhi kufanele sikwazi ukufinyelela ku-Amasethingi afanayo ukwazi leli kheli le-IP.
Iphuzu ukuthi kufanele sikwazi ukufinyelela Amasethingi> i-WiFi bese uqhafaza ku- "i" ovela ohlangothini lokunene lwenethiwekhi lapho sixhunywe khona. Okwamanje yonke idatha etholakalayo yokuxhuma iyavela. Singakwazi nokumisa i-IP ngesandla, bheka imaski ye-subnet neminye imininingwane.
Ikheli le-IP kusistimu ye-Linux
Ukuze a Isistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux kukhona nezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo ongabona ngazo i-IP yakho eyabelwe iqembu. Kulokhu sizochaza inketho yekhompyutha enale nguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza efakiwe.
Kulokhu sizobona inketho ebonakala ilula kakhulu kithi. Imayelana nokwenza chofoza inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla bese uchofoza kunketho yokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi lokho kuvela, lapho-ke kufanele sichofoze ku- Imininingwane yokuxhumana futhi sizobona ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo efasiteleni. Kukulesi sigaba lapho yonke imininingwane emayelana nekheli le-IP imishini yethu inayo nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene nokuxhumeka kuvela.
Ungayithola kanjani i-IP kudivayisi ye-Android
Isistimu yokusebenza ye-Android nayo inikeza inketho yokubona i-IP yedivayisi futhi ilula njengakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezake zabonwa phambilini. Ngalokhu kufanele sifinyelele kwimenyu efanayo Izilungiselelo zedivayisi bese uchofoza kusigaba se-WiFi.
Uma sesingaphakathi kufanele sichofoze kwimenyu yezinketho -okukhona kusithonjana samachashazi amathathu- bese uchofoza kufayela le- Izilungiselelo ze-WiFi ezithuthukisiwe. Kulesi sigaba sithola lonke ulwazi mayelana nekheli le-IP ledivayisi ye-Android. Lo mzila wokuthola i-IP ungahluka kancane ngokuya ngohlobo lwesistimu yokusebenza esikuyo, kepha cishe iyafana kuzo zonke akukho ukulahleka.
Ukwazi i-IP yanoma iyiphi idivayisi kulula njengoba besilokhu sichaza kuyo yonke le ndatshana, kepha kufanele wazi isiza lapho ungabheka khona imininingwane futhi ungalahleki kumamenyu wokusetha ezikhula ngokwandayo.