Baningi abasebenzisi okuthi ngemuva kokubuka i-movie noma uchungechunge bazibuze yini i-Web Emnyama ne-Web DeepAmagama kwesinye isikhathi adidekile, ngoba womabili ayingxenye ye-intanethi ejulile, i-inthanethi engatholakali kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokuthi unamathuluzi afanele.
Uma ngikhuluma ngamathuluzi, angisho ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithi zimbalwa kuphela ezaziyo ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kanjani, kepha kunalokho iziphequluli zewebhu. Yebo, ngesiphequluli nje (akuzona zonke ezisebenzayo), singangena kwiWebhu Emnyama, hhayi kwi-Web Deep. Ngezansi sichaza ifayela le- umehluko phakathi kweWebhu Emnyama, i-Deep Web, ne-Surface Web.
Ungachaza i-intanethi njengesethi yalo lonke ulwazi olutholakala ku-inthanethi, ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya. Ngaphakathi kwi-intanethi, kuzofanele sihlukanise konke okuqukethwe okutholakalayo, ngoba yonke into itholakala esidlangalaleni: I-Surface Web y IWebhu Ejulile.
I-Surface Web
Ngakolunye uhlangothi sithola imininingwane esesidlangalaleni futhi itholakala kubo bonke abasebenzisi ngesiphequluli. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge Iwebhu engaphezulu. Ku-Surface Web kukhona wonke amakhasi abadali bawo awavumela ukuthi akhonjiswe ngezinjini zokusesha zendabuko. I-Surface Web imele cishe i-4% ye-intanethi.
IWebhu Ejulile
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola ifayela le- IWebhu Ejulile. Ku-Deep Web uzothola lonke ulwazi olungakhonjiswanga izinjini zokusesha kodwa olutholakala ngamakhasi athile e-web. I-Deep Web imele ama-96% wokuqukethwe okutholakala ku-inthanethi.
Ku-Web Deep uzothola konke okuqukethwe okungabhekeki ezinjini zokusesha njengoba kungelona ulwazi lomphakathi, njengamafayela abanjwe ezinsizeni zokugcina, ama-imeyili, imibuzo, idatha ebanjwe kumasevisi wokukhokha njengeSpotify, iNetflix, amakhasi ephephandaba anama-paywalls, imibuzo ekhiqiza ikhasi lewebhu elinemiphumela ...
I-Deep Web yaziwa nangokuthi i-Invisible Web noma i-Hidden Web, amagama achaza ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi imeleni. Ngaphakathi kweWebhu Ejulile, kukhona iWebhu Emnyama, inethiwekhi edinga iziphequluli ezikhethekile ukuthi zikwazi ukufinyelela kulwazi olusinika lona
I-Web Dark
Iwebhu emnyama yadalwa ukwaba imininingwane engaziwa futhi ngaphandle kohlobo lokucwaningaNgakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi isetshenziswa emazweni lapho inkululeko yokukhuluma ingatholakali nalapho ukucwaninga kuyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke.
Ngenxa yobumfihlo bayo nezici zokungaziwa, isibe yifayela le- indawo yezigebengu futhi kubonakala sengathi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukhawulwe kuphela kulolu hlobo lwabantu.
IWebhu Emnyama iyingxenye ye-Deep Web, yingakho siyifakile esigabeni sayo hhayi ngokuzimela. Ngaphakathi kweWebhu Emnyama sithola ama-Darknets.
Ama-Darknets ayiqoqo lamanethiwekhi athile abamba amakhasi athile angafinyeleleka kuphela kusetshenziswa iziphequluli ezithile. Phakathi kwe- Ama-darknets aziwa kakhulu Sithole iBitnet (.bitnet), i2p (.i2p), Casipeanet (.opte.ga), Usenet (.uucp) neTor (.onion).
Kungani ngingenakukwazi ukungena kwiWebhu Emnyama kusiphequluli sami
Amakhasi ewebhu atholakala ku-Dark Web (Ama-Darknets) izizinda ezahlukahlukene zisebenzisa izizinda. Endabeni yesizinda i-. Imininingwane futhi bafuna ukufinyelela kuyo.
Izizinda ze-anyanisi ungabambi iqhaza ohlelweni olusemthethweni lwegama lesizinda (i-DNS) yize besebenzisa igama lesibizo elifanayo. Ngokungahlanganyeli ohlelweni olusemthethweni lwegama lesizinda, asikho isiphequluli sendabuko (i-Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari…) esiwabonayo lawa makhasi ewebhu. Kwenzeka okufanayo ezizindeni .bitnet, .i2p, .uucp ...
Yini ekuwebhu emnyama
Akukhona konke okuqukethwe okutholakalayo nokwasekuqaleni eyenzelwe iWebhu Emnyama ihlobene nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni. IBitnet yayiyinethiwekhi yamakhompyutha yamanyuvesi aseMelika, iUsenet ohlelweni lomhlaba wonke lokuxoxisana kwi-inthanethi oluvela kumanethiwekhi e-UCCP.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqukethwe ngaphandle komthetho, sikhuluma ngemikhakha yezinyoni. Lokhu okuqukethwe itholakala kuphela ngesiphequluli se-Tor. Elinye lamawebhusayithi adume kakhulu elalaziwa yi-Dark Web eminyakeni edlule kwakuyi-Silk Road.
ISilk Road kwakuyimakethe emnyama enkulu kunazo zonke kwi-inthanethi eyayifinyeleleka ngeTor kuphela. Le webhusayithi ivalwe yi-FBI ngonyaka we-2013, eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuba bukhoma. Yize ku-Silk Road ubungathola ezinombolweni zamakhadi wesikweletu ezebiwe, izinhlamvu zemali zomgunyathi, ukuthuma ukubulala, izikhali okukhange kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka thenga izidakamizwa ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya.
Ngokusobala, awasebenzisi amakhadi esikweletu noma i-PayPal ukukhokha, esikhundleni salokho basebenzisa i-Bitcoin, imali engalandeki futhi enikezwe amandla yedijithali. Uma kwenzeka ukuthengiselana kungaqediwe, kwakukhona uhlelo lokuphikisana olwalukhona ukuxazulula ingxabano ngokwenelisayo. USilk Road ubenjenge-eBay enemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezingekho emthethweni.
Izinganekwane zeWebhu Elimnyama
Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, akuyona yonke into esingayithola kwiWebhu Emnyama engekho emthethweni noma ephula isimilo sabantu abaningi. Kwamanye amazwe ijwayele uku yabelana ngolwazi olukhawulelwe abanye ohulumeni.
Ezikhathini eziningi kuthiwa kwi-Dark Web bangatholakala amavidiyo wokuhlushwa, ukusikwa nezinye izenzo ezikhathazayo kunoma ngubani, akulona iqiniso ukuthi ziyatholakala kwizinkomba zeWebhu Emnyama, azitholakali kunoma ngubani oqala ukusebenzisa iTor, lapho angathola khona izithombe zocansi zezingane.
Uma ufuna ukufinyelela kwiWebhu Emnyama, into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule yilokho awekho amakhasi owasebenzisayo aqinisekisa ukuphepha, noma kokuqukethwe ongakulanda (i-malware, i-spyware, amagciwane, amaTrojans ...) noma kuzinsizakalo ongafuna ukuziqasha. Isikhathi seSilk Road, i-eBay yemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezingekho emthethweni sesiphelile futhi okwamanje azisekho ezinye izindlela isiqinisekiso sokuphepha kokuthengiselana.
Ngenkathi i-Surface Web imelela u-4% we-intanethi, kanye ne-Deep Web 96%, i- I-Dark Web imele kuphela u-0,1% we-intanethi.
Akudingeki ukuthi ube yisiqhwaga noma unamakhono ekhompyutha okungena kwiWebhu Emnyama, udinga nje ukulanda isiphequluli seTor.
Ingabe akukho emthethweni ukungena kwiWebhu Emnyama?
Ukungena kwiWebhu Emnyama kusemthethweni ngokuphelele. Okungekho ekuqasheni noma yiziphi izinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene esingazithola kuwo.
Ungayithola kanjani iWebhu Emnyama
Njengoba ngiphawule kaningana kule ndatshana, indlela yokungena kwiWebhu Emnyama futhi ngikwazi vakashela amakhasi wezoni kungenxa yesiphequluli seTor. I-Tor iyatholakala ngeWindows, MacOS, Android, neLinux nge lesi sixhumanisi. Esimweni sethu, sizosebenzisa inguqulo yeWindows.
I-Tor ayenzelwe kuphela ukufinyelela ezizindeni ze-.onion, kepha futhi kugxilwe ekunikezeni ukuphequlula okuyimfihlo kwangempela ngaphandle kokulandela ngomkhondo, ngakho-ke singakusebenzisa njengesiphequluli sethu esijwayelekile nsuku zonke, kepha ngenxa yokusebenza kwaso (ngokusebenzisa ama-proxies ukwenza ukuxhumeka kungaziwa) ukulayishwa kwamakhasi ewebhu ihamba kancane kunesiphequluli sendabuko.
Ivela umthombo ovulekile futhi kugcinwa kubonga iminikelo evela kubasebenzisi. Njengoba singafunda kuwebhusayithi yabo:
Thuthukisa amalungelo abantu nenkululeko ngokudala nangokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obumthombo obuvulekile nobungaziwa, nokusekela ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kwabo okungavinjelwe, nokukhuthaza ukuqonda kwabo kwezesayensi nokwaziwayo.
Uma sesifake iTor futhi siyisebenzisa okokuqala, kufanele lungiselela ukusebenza kwesiphequluli uma sisezweni elibhekela ukusetshenziswa kweTor (kusivumela ukuthi sakhe ibhuloho lokudlula lokho kuvinjelwa) noma silungiselele ummeleli uma sisebenzisa eyodwa ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi.
Uma singekho kunoma yikuphi, tkusamele sichofoze ku-Connect kuphela ukusungula ukuxhumana kunethiwekhi yeTor. Lapho ukuxhumana sekutholakele, kufanele singene ekhasini lewebhu .ionion esifuna ukuyisesha.
Izinjini zokusesha zeWebhu ezimnyama
Kungenzeka ukuthi awazi noma yiliphi ikhasi lewebhu elinesizinda se -onion, ngakho-ke into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukusebenzisa inkomba yamakhasi e-web noma sebenzisa injini yokusesha I-DukDuckGo.
Inkinga ukuthi le njini yokusesha ayisiniki imiphumela ye -onion kuphela, kepha isinikeza imiphumela efanayo dlula kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli.
Uma ufuna kuphela ukuthola i-web .onion, usesho okufanele ulusebenzise ngu Isibani, injini yokusesha ukuthi izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kwesigidi kumakhasi eWebhu amnyama.
U-Ahmia, ngokubukeka okulula kakhulu futhi okufana ne-Google, le webhusayithi isivumela ukuthi sengeze amakhasi wethu wewebhu .onion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusivumela ukuthi siseshe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ze- izinketho zokuhlunga okuqukethwe.
Hhayi okubi, injini yokusesha okuthiwa isebenzisa isiqubulo sangaphambili seGoogle Ungabi mubi. Le njini yokusesha iyasivumela sesha kokubili iWebhu Elimnyama ne-Surface Web, futhi kusivumela ukuthi sihlunge ukuthi hlobo luni lwemiphumela esifuna ukuyithola.
Amakhilogremu ingenye yezinjini zokusesha eziphelele kunazo zonke ezitholakala kwiWebhu Emnyama. Le njini yokusesha, ngokungafani nayo yonke enye into esinayo, ibilokhu ikhona eziklanyelwe iWebhu Emnyama. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlose ukufuna abantu abenza umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni. Ngikushiya lapho.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinkomba zeWebhu Emnyama kufanele sikhulume ngazo I-Wik Efihliwei, enye ye- izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho singathola khona inqwaba yezixhumanisi zamakhasi atholakala kuphela ngeTor.
Lapho kuhlala khona ama-Darknets
Amakhasi amaningi ewebhu atholakala kwiWebhu Emnyama, ababanjelwa ezinsizakalweni ezinkulu isitoreji esifana ne-AWS esivela e-Amazon noma i-Azure kusuka kwaMicrosoft, kepha sitholakala kumakhompyutha axhunywe kwi-inthanethi.
Yilapho inkinga yayo enkulu ilele khona, ngoba amanye amakheli esingawazi kungenzeka azitholakali ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku, ngoba ikhompyutha lapho isingathwe khona icishiwe.
Uma wenza ikhasi lewebhu elifinyeleleka kusuka kwikhompyutha yakho liphenduke iseva, ikheli le-IP yilona elinikeza ukufinyelela ekhasini, ngakho-ke, ungatholakala kalula. Lapho amakhasi anokwandiswa kwe-.onion enziwa, inethiwekhi UTor ukhiqiza igama elingahleliwe kusetshenziswa ukhiye we-RSA kufihle i-IP yangempela.
Lapho usebenzisa iTor ukuvakashela ikhasi le -onion, isiphequluli sinakekela ukususa ukubhala igama lelo bese siliguqula libe yikhasi lewebhu kufinyeleleka kuphela ngalesi siphequluli. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa le mininingwane, imininingwane idlule ezindaweni ezihlukene emzileni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungaziwa nokungaziwa.