Ukuphequlula i-inthanethi kusuka ku-smartphone yethu kungasinika umuzwa ongamanga wokuphepha: ukungena kunoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi ngaphandle kokunaka, ukuvula i-imeyili ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, njll. Nokho, izingozi ziyefana nalapho sisebenzisa ikhompuyutha. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizobuyekeza yiziphi amagciwane ezithinta omakhalekhukhwini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze uzisuse, ngaphezu kokukhumbula izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ukuze uzigweme.
Kuyaye kuthiwe ukuze ulwe nesitha into yokuqala okumele uyenze ukuthi umazi kahle. Kulokhu, isitha sethu uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ukwazi ukuthi ingangena kanjani emafonini ethu kanye nomonakalo ongawenza kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokulwa nayo.
¿Cómo saber uma ifoni unegciwane?
Kukhona uchungechunge lwe izimpawu ezisixwayisa ngokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle kumakhalekhukhwini wethu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuba khona kwesigebengu. Ezimweni eziningi izimpawu zisobala, futhi ngokuvamile ziyacasula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi lezi ziyizimpawu ezicashile, ngakho kufanele ube iziqapheli ezikahle ukuze uzibone kusenesikhathi futhi uzilungise.
Ziyini lezi zimpawu? Zingaba izinhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa ezivame kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphahlazekayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
- Ibhethri liyaphela ngokushesha kakhulu.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngokweqile.
- Izindleko zocingo ezibizayo, ngamashaji esingazange siwenze.
- Imilayezo yogaxekile evamile.
- Ukuba khona kwezinhlelo zokusebenza esingakhumbuli sizifakile.
- Ukushisa ngokweqile kweselula.
- Amawindi azivelelayo avela ngaphandle kwencazelo ngenkathi upheqa i-inthanethi.
Uma sithola okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okudidayo ekusebenzeni komakhalekhukhwini bethu, maningi amathuba okuthi itheleleke ngegciwane.
Enzani amagciwane kumaselula?
Lawa masignali asivezela uchungechunge lwezinto ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwemishini yethu ngaphandle kokwazi. Ezinye izinto ziyacasula, kodwa ezinye zingase zibe izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.
Izingcingo eziyinqaba nemiyalezo koxhumana nabo
amanye amagciwane Bathatha uhlu loxhumana nabo lomakhalekhukhwini futhi baqale ukusebenzisela ukuthelela amanye amadivaysi. Izikhathi eziningi kuba abangani bethu nabantu esibajwayele okuthi, bemangazwe umlayezo noma ucingo oluphuma kumakhalekhukhwini wethu, basitshele ngalesi simo.
Ilokhi yefoni
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, esinye sezimo ezibucayi kakhulu esingahlangabezana nazo lapho uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lufakiwe kufoni yethu: ukuvinjwa okuphelele kwemisebenzi yayo. Lokho akusho lokho Igciwane aligcinanga ngokuthatha idivayisi yethu, kodwa futhi liyasivimbela ukuthi sifinyelele kulo. Icala elibucayi, ikakhulukazi ngoba silahlekelwa ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zethu zokusebenza zokubhanga ku-inthanethi noma i-imeyili.
Ukuhluleka kohlelo lokusebenza
Izikhathi eziningi sikholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yokuntuleka kokubuyekezwa, futhi lokhu kuhlale kunjalo, kodwa Izinhlelo zokusebenza nazo ziqala ukwehluleka uma sinegciwane elifakwe ocingweni lwethu. Ezinye azikwazi ukuqalwa, ezinye zivale kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwesizathu...
Ukukhangisa okungenele
Omunye wemiphumela emincane eyingozi yokuba khona kwegciwane kumakhalekhukhwini wethu, nakuba futhi omunye ocasula kakhulu: ukukhangisa okungafunwa, izigelekeqe kanye nezikhangiso eziqhubekayo okwenza kungenzeki ukuzulazula ngendlela evamile.
Ukusebenza kwe-GPS
Isibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi igciwane lingene ocingweni lwethu ukusebenza kwe-GPS ngaphandle kwemvume yethu. Indlela esungulwe ukuqapha ukunyakaza kwethu.
Ibhethri liyaphela ngokushesha
Amagciwane angene ngesinyenyela ocingweni lwethu asebenza ngokungakhathali, kufakwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha, kusetshenziswa indawo yokugcina kanye nokudla izinsiza... Konke lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kokushisa okubangela ukuthi ibhethri liphele ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
Amagciwane athinta kakhulu omakhalekhukhwini
Isikhathi sesifikile sokumboza isitha: lezi yizinsongo eziyinhloko izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ezimele omakhalekhukhwini bethu. Akufanele uwathathe njengehlaya:
I-Phishing
Amagciwane amaningi azama ukuthelela amafoni ethu enza lokho ngenhloso yokuthi thola idatha yethu yomuntu siqu futhi uzenze ubunikazi bethu. Ukusuka lapho, bangathulula i-akhawunti yethu yokuhlola noma benze ezinye izenzo ezimbi. Ubugebengu obaziwa ngokuthi ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.
Lawa magciwane akwazi ukungena emishinini yethu ngezindlela ezihlukene: ukusimema ukuthi singene kuwebhusayithi esolisayo, ukuchofoza isixhumanisi noma ukulanda ifayela eliqukethwe yi-SMS noma umlayezo we-imeyili, noma ngokuskena ikhodi ye-QR yomgunyathi.
botnets
Ama-botnet avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthumela ugaxekile omningi, okuthi, nakuba kucasula, akuyona ingozi. Nokho, zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kumadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi efanayo ye-WiFi. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi kungani kufanele siqaphe kakhulu lapho sixhuma kumanethiwekhi avulekile.
I-Spyware
Akekho ophephe ngokuphelele kula magciwane. Abanye basebenzisa imizila yokungena efanayo namagciwane e-Trojan akudala, kodwa abanye bayayithola izindlela eziningi ze-sibylline zokungena ngokunyenya kumafoni ethu, njengokulanda okufihliwe ngemuva lapho sifinyelela iwebhusayithi.
I-Spyware izifakela yona kumafayela angaphakathi omakhalekhukhwini bethu, ifinyelela kuwo wonke amafayela ethu nedatha yomuntu siqu. Ezingenabungozi kakhulu zilinganiselwe dlulisela idatha yethu ezinkampanini njengomthombo wolwazi lwemikhankaso yazo yokukhangisa, kodwa eziyingozi kakhulu zingazisebenzisa ukuze usigebenge noma usithumbe. Ngenhlanhla, zikhona izinhlelo antispyware ngempumelelo kakhulu engasisiza ukuthi sigweme lezi zimo.
I-Trojans
Ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwegciwane elisebenzisa iziteshi ezibikezelwe ngokufanelekile ukuze lifake izinto zethu, njengemilayezo ye-imeyili enamafayela angathembekile noma izixhumanisi. Umsebenzi wayo uwukuthi: ukuthola umfantu ozongena kuwo futhi kanjalo ishiya indlela evulekile yokungena kolunye uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluyingozi kakhulu.
ransomware
Inhloso yamagciwane e-ransomware ngokuvamile amaphrofayili ezinkampani ezinkulu noma abantu abaqavile emphakathini, okwebiwa kuye idatha ebucayi bese icela isihlengo esikhulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, akekho ophephile kulezi zinhlobo zokuhlaselwa.
I-Adware
Amagciwane e-Adware awayona ingozi, kodwa ayacasula kakhulu. Abakwenzayo ukungena omakhalekhukhwini ukuze shumeka ukukhangisa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ngendlela engagunyaziwe. Umgomo uwukwenza imali ngomgunyathi, nakuba kungenjalo ngezindleko zomnikazi womakhalekhukhwini.
I-Pegasus
Elinye lamagciwane adume kakhulu ezikhathini zamuva, okungenani eSpain, ngemuva kokutholwa komakhalekhukhwini bamanye amalungu kaHulumeni.
I-Pegasus uhlelo lwezinhloli oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu olwakhiwe inkampani yakwa-Israel Iqembu le-NSO. Uma ifakwe kumakhalekhukhwini, ifinyelela kulo lonke ulwazi lwayo, kusukela ezingcingweni nasemilayezweni, kuye kumadokhumenti alandiwe, othintana nabo noma indawo ye-GPS. futhi angakwazi vula imakrofoni, ikhamera noma ukurekhoda ngaphandle kokuqaphela komsebenzisi.
joker
Le softhiwe enonya ibilokhu icathamela omakhalekhukhwini emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2017. Igciwane le-Joker alinakwenzeka ngempela futhi liyaguquguquka. Kungase kufihlwe ohlelweni lokusebenza oluhlanzekile ngokuphelele futhi olubukeka ngokusemthethweni esizolilanda ku-smartphone yethu ngokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo.
Imelela yiphi ingozi kithi? Isibonelo, ungazama ukuzuza imali ngokwenza kusebenze ngobuhlakani uchungechunge lokubhaliselwe okukhokhelwayo kumakhalekhukhwini wezisulu zakho, noma uhlaziye ama-SMS abo okuvikela athunyelwa amabhange ukuze uzame ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti ethu.
I-BRATA
Lena iThrojani etholwe okokuqala ngo-2021 ethinta kuphela amadivayisi we-Android. Njengoba kwenza i-Joker virus, I-BRATA Iphinde icashe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezibonakala zithembekile futhi izame ukungena emafonini ngokubuyekezwa. Uma usungaphakathi, skena izithombe-skrini ne-SMS ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti asebhange omsebenzisi. Kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ngilikhipha kanjani igciwane efonini yami?
Ayikho iselula, kungaba i-iPhone noma i-Android, ehlala iphephile ngamaphesenti ayikhulu ekuhlaselweni yigciwane. Ngakho-ke, lapho kusolwa kancane ukuthi kwenzeke ukuhlasela, kufanele kuthathwe isinyathelo. Ngokuvamile elula ukuhlanza Lokhu ngokuvamile kwanele ukususa igciwane, nakuba kungalungisi noma yimuphi umonakalo okungenzeka liwudalile, njengokwebiwa kwamaphasiwedi nolwazi. Lezi ezinye zezinto esingazenza:
- Sula inqolobane nokulanda esipheqululini.
- Qalisa kabusha ifoni kwimodi ephephile.
- Bheka izibuyekezo ze-iOS ne-Android, njengoba kufanelekile.
- Rbuyekeza zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ngayinye ngayinye, sikhipha lezo ezingasolisa noma lezo esikholelwa ukuthi asikazifakanga thina.
- Njengendlela yokugcina, setha kabusha ifoni yethu kumasethingi asefekthri.
Amathiphu okuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni kumakhalekhukhwini
Sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi kuhlale kungcono ukuphepha kunokuzisola. Hamba ngaphambi kwezinsongo ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngokoqobo. Ingozi eningi ingagwenywa ngokuthatha nje ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha esikwaziyo sonke, kodwa sivame ukukhohlwa:
- Gcina isistimu yokusebenza ibuyekezwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Landa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithembekile kuphela ezitolo ezithenjwayo, njenge-Google Play Isitolo noma i-Apple Store.
- Hlola izimvume zohlelo lokusebenza ngaphambi kokuzifaka.
- Qaphela izixhumanisi noma izinanyathiselwa ezisifinyelela nge-SMS noma ngama-imeyili angaziwa.
- Yenza amakhophi ekhophi yamafayela ethu njalo.