Isiteshi se-WiFi esizenzakalelayo noma semanuwali: yimuphi umehluko?

Isiteshi se-WiFi esizenzakalelayo noma semanuwali: yimuphi umehluko?

Namuhla, ukuxhumana ku amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha kanye ne-inthanethi Kubalulekile, kokubili ukusebenza, ukufunda noma ukuzijabulisa nje. Futhi lokho ukuxhumana nsuku zonke ngokuvamile kuba mobile, ikakhulukazi nge WiFi ngokusebenzisa indawo yokungena ngaphandle kwentambo Aqhubeka eba namandla kakhulu, ahlakanipha, futhi ayashesha. Nokho, ukwanda kokuqashwa kwabantu abadala ukuxhumana okungenantambo, kusiphoqa ukuba siqonde izinzuzo nezingozi zalo. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi kungcono ukukhetha a "Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla" kumanethiwekhi esiwasebenzisayo.

Kusukela, khetha a "Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla" inesayensi yayo noma isizathu sokuba khona. Ngoba kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlupheka ukuphazamiseka ekuxhumekeni okungenantambo. Inkinga evame kakhulu esizoyilungisa lapha, futhi ngokuvamile inesixazululo esilula shintsha isiteshi se-Wi-Fi.

Futhi njengenjwayelo, ngaphambi kokukhuluma le ncwadi emkhakheni we Ukuxhumeka kwe-WiFi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokukhetha a "Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla", sizoshiyela labo abathanda ukuhlola ezinye zethu okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini okuhlobene nale ndawo, izixhumanisi ezilandelayo kuzo. Ukuze bakwenze kalula, uma befisa ukwandisa noma ukuqinisa ulwazi lwabo kuleli phuzu, ekupheleni kokufunda le ncwadi:

"I-WiFi isibalulekile ekhaya njengephepha lasendlini yangasese, amanzi noma ugesi. Kodwa njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhuma okungenantambo, kungabangela izinkinga zebanga noma ukuphazamiseka, ngenxa yebanga noma ngenxa yokuthi kunezindonga eziningi phakathi kwerutha nedivayisi yethu. Ziningi izixazululo zalezi zinkinga, nakuba ezinye ziyinkimbinkimbi kunezinye." Ungasikhulisa kanjani isignali ye-WiFi? Izixazululo eziphumelelayo

I-athikili ehlobene:

Kungani i-WiFi ingabonisi ku-Windows 10 nokuthi ungayibona kanjani

I-athikili ehlobene:

Uwabelana kanjani ngephasiwedi yakho ye-WiFi

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi ngabe i-WiFi yami iyantshontshwa: izinhlelo namathuluzi wamahhala

Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla: Khetha isiteshi esingcono kakhulu

Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele umehluko, izinzuzo noma ukungalungi kokukhetha a "Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla" sizoqale sicacise ezithile imiqondo yezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungenxa yenzuzo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kulabo okungenzeka bangacacisi ngokuphelele ngabo.

Iyini inethiwekhi engenantambo noma i-WiFi?

Ngamagama alula uma kuqhathaniswa, umuntu angacabangela a inethiwekhi engenantamboi-matrix njenge-a uhlelo lokuxhumanan (inethiwekhi) idatha. Inethiwekhi ehlinzekayoyenza uxhumanon ngaphandle kwezintambo phakathi kwalawo makhompyutha atholakala ngaphakathi okufanayo indawo ukufakwa (indawo echaziwe). Ngakho-ke, kunethiwekhi engenantamboi-mbrica idlulisa futhi yamukele idatha nges kwe kuizinsuku zikagesi ngomoya njengendlela yokudluliselan.

Ngenkathi, njengeqiniso elimangalisayo, leli gama I-Wi-Fi noma i-Wi-Fi, njengoba kushiwo kwamanye amawebhusayithi anedumela elihle, alibhekiseli kunoma yini eqondile noma yangempela. Kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi isifinyezo se I-Wireless Fidelity, kodwa akulona iqiniso.

Kusukela, leli gama kwaba umsuka noma indawo yokusungulwa una inkampani yokukhangisa (advertising). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yaqashwa imboni engenazintambo ngaleso sikhathi. Obefuna ukusungula nokusungula a igama friendly ukubhekisa kuthekhnoloji entsha eshiwo kunqubo yokwanda kwabantu.

Ayini ama-WiFi Frequencies kanye neziteshi ze-WiFi?

Amanye amagama amabili abalulekile, okumele sicace ngawo ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele umbuzo wethu wokufunda namuhla kule ncwadi, yile Amafrikhwensi e-WiFi namashaneli.

Amafrikhwensi e-WiFi

Ngokusho kwe- Ukubambisana kwe-Wi-Fi, the standard IEEE 802.11 ichaza ukuthi Ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi yamanje ingaphathwa ku ama-frequency range amathathu atholakalayo kumadivayisi akhelwe njengokufinyelela nezindawo zokuxhuma. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i Ukubambisana kwe-Wi-Fi inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke yezinkampani ukuthi ishayela ukwamukelwa kwe-Wi-Fi yomhlaba wonke nokuziphendukela kwemvelo). Futhi i standard IEEE 802.11  Yiyo elawula ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene namanethiwekhi asendaweni angenazintambo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mafrikhwensi asungulwe njengamanje yilawa: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz no-5 GHz. Kodwa-ke, namuhla, amadivaysi amaningi amanje asebenza, ngokuzenzakalelayo ngezansi, okungukuthi, ku- ibhendi yefrikhwensi isondele ku-2.4 GHz. Noma ngaphezulu, ku- ibhendi yefrikhwensi isondele ku-5 GHz.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi, kubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi i-frequency imele isivinini sokudlulisa/ukwamukela kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi engenantambo. Futhi imvamisa ngayinye iletha amawindi athile kanye nezithiyo ezihlobene nemodi yayo yokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ubuhle nobubi

• I-2.4 GHZ imvamisa inikeza iziteshi ezitholakalayo ezingafika kweziyi-14, isengozini kakhudlwana yokuphazamiseka futhi inamandla okungena aphezulu ngokumelene nezithiyo. Kodwa inikeza isivinini esincane sokuxhuma kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bokuhlanganisa indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukusekelwa kwamazinga alandelayo: IEEE 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n (B, G kanye no-N).
• I-5 GHZ imvamisa inikeza iziteshi ezitholakalayo ezingafika kweziyi-25, ayingenwa kalula ukuphazamiseka futhi inamandla amancane okungena ngokumelene nezithiyo. Kodwa inikeza isivinini esithe xaxa sokuxhuma kanye nobubanzi obuncane bokuhlanganisa indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukusekelwa kwamazinga alandelayo: IEEE 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac (A, N, AC).

Iziteshi ze-Wi-Fi

Ngokusho indinganiso osekushiwo, isibonelo, okwamanje for the strip of 2.4 GHz amafrikhwensi zikhona Iziteshi ezingama-14 ziyatholakala, ahlukaniswe 5 MHz. Kodwa-ke, amazwe athile nezifunda zomhlaba zingasebenzisa ezazo imithetho nezimiso zezokuxhumana mayelana. Ukuze ufeze, imikhawulo ivuliwe inani lamashaneli atholakalayo kumishini ethengiswa endaweni yayo.

Futhi kulokhu kutholakala kwamashaneli, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ngasinye sidinga +/- I-bandwidth engu-20MHz ukusebenza. ekhiqiza umphumela owaziwa ngokuthi ukugqagqana kwesiteshi. Lokhu kuvame ukuqondwa kangcono ngale ncazelo elandelayo:

Isiteshi 1 sigqagqene namashaneli 2, 3, 4 kanye no-5. Ngakho-ke, izisetshenziswa ezisakaza kulolo bubanzi zingase ziphazamisane, futhi amadivaysi axhunywe kulawo mashaneli ocingweni angase aphazamisane. Kuyenzeka futhi nangesiteshi 6 kanye neziteshi 7, 8, 9 no-10. Kunalokho, nge iziteshi ze-wifi kusukela emphethweni we 5 GHz amafrikhwensi, lolu hlobo lokugqagqana aluvamile ukwenzeka, okungukuthi, lwenzeka kancane.

Ingabe kuncono ukukhetha Isiteshi se-WiFi esizenzakalelayo noma semanuwali?

Kuze kube manje, amanye amaphuzu ayisisekelo wezobuchwepheshe mayelana Ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi, njenge Amafrikhwensi namashaneli esetshenziswa, i izinzuzo kanye nokubi phakathi kwamafrikhwensi asetshenziswa kakhulu (2.4 GHz kanye no-5.4 GHz) kanye nenkinga ebizwa ukugqagqana kwesiteshi.

Ngakho manje, sizosho kafushane futhi ngokucacile ukuthi yini engcono, mayelana nokukhetha a "Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla". Njengoba, njengoba kungaqondwa ecaleni ngalinye (isikhathi nendawo), indlela eyodwa noma enye ingase ibe ekahle.

Kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi, ngemuva vumela ikhadi noma umsebenzi wokuxhumana we-Wi-Fi kusuka kudeskithophu noma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, noma kusuka kumakhalekhukhwini, ikhombisa Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi atholakalayo (amaphoyinti okufinyelela). Ibonisa enye yale datha, lapho ungathola khona okulandelayo:

• Igama lenethiwekhi (SSID),
• Uhlobo Lokuqinisekisa (Ukubethela Kokuvikela),
• Amandla esignali,
• Imvamisa namashaneli atholakalayo,
• isivinini sokudlulisa/ukwamukela,
• Ulwazi Lwenethiwekhi (Ikheli le-Mac, Ikheli le-IP, i-Gateway, i-Subnet Mask ne-DNS).

Imodi ezenzakalelayo eya kumanethiwekhi, amashaneli namafrikhwensi

I-Los amadivaysi (amakhompyutha namaselula) ijwayele ukuza ngokuzenzakalelayo, emisiwe ukuxhuma kuyo Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi amahhala navulekile, okungukuthi, esidlangalaleni nangenawo amagama ayimfihlo, uma ekwimodi ezenzakalelayo, encamela lawo anezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuqina kanye/noma isivinini, nokusebenzisa noma iyiphi Isiteshi se-WiFi etholakalayo.

Kule modi, ngokuyisisekelo akukho ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi futhi yonke into izoncika kumqondo wokuhlela ofakwe kudivayisi ezoxhunywa. Ukuze wenze njalo, khetha i-frequency kanye neshaneli ngokuya ngokuthi i- Indawo yokungena ye-WiFi.

Imodi yokuzenzela eya kumanethiwekhi, amaza kanye namashaneli

Nokho, uma unquma xhuma mathupha kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, ngokuthanda uhlobo oluthile lwemvamisa nesiteshi, izincomo ezilandelayo zingaba usizo kakhulu:

Amanethiwekhi

• Thola ngokoqobo izindawo zokufinyelela zokuxhuma ku-Wi-Fi: Ukuncamela ukuxhuma kwabaseduze. Kulokhu, idatha yokuqina kwesiginali noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko noma lwenkampani yangaphandle olunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane eminingi ngaleli phuzu lungasetshenziswa.
• Khetha kumaphoyinti okufinyelela okuxhumana e-Wi-Fi avikeleke kakhulu: Ukukhetha ukuxhuma kokuthembekile kakhulu. Kulokhu, idatha yoHlobo Lokuqinisekisa (Ukubethelwa Kokuvikela) esetshenzisiwe noma uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile lwendabuko noma lwenkampani yangaphandle oluhlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe ngaleli phuzu lungasetshenziswa.

Imvamisa

• Xhuma kubhendi yefrikhwensi efanelekile etholakalayo: Ukuze ujabulele izinzuzo zamafrikhwensi atholakalayo futhi unciphise izinkinga ezilethwa ngayinye. Kulokhu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi:

1. Uma sixhuma endaweni yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi engu-2.4 GHZ sizothola iziteshi ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo esingakhetha kuzo, ezivame ukuba lula ekuphazamisekeni kanye nesivinini esincane sokuxhuma. Kodwa sizothola umthamo omkhulu wokungena ngokumelene nezithiyo kanye nohlu olukhulu lokuhlanganisa indawo.
2. Uma sixhuma endaweni yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi engu-5 GHZ Sizothola iziteshi eziningi ezitholakalayo esingakhetha kuzo, ezivame ukungaphazanyiswa kalula nesivinini sokuxhuma ngokushesha. Kodwa sizothola umthamo ophansi wokungena ngokumelene nezithiyo kanye nohlu oluncane lokuhlanganisa indawo.

Iziteshi

• Xhuma esiteshini esifanele esitholakalayo: Ukukhetha okusetshenziswa kancane, okungukuthi, leyo enenani elincane lamadivayisi axhunywe yileso siteshi. Futhi ukhethe leyo enokugqagqana okuncane, umkhiqizo wamanye amadivaysi e-Wi-Fi asakaza esiteshini esifanayo.
• Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela eceleni: Ukuze kuzuzwe okungenhla, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlaziya inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi esixhumeke kuyo, kanye namanye amanethiwekhi azungezile ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Futhi phakathi kokunye okuhle okutholakalayo, umthombo wamahhala noma ovulekile, kukhona izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezibizwa I-WiFi Analyzer (umthombo ovulekile), I-WiFi Analyzer (Yamahhala sifiso), Amandla Esiginali, Ngubani oku-Wi-Fi yami?, Fing – Network Scanner, Network Analyzer, futhi WiFi Guard, phakathi kwabanye abaningi. Ezinye zazo eze-Android, iOS kanye nazo zombili.

Amathiphu abaluleke kakhulu mayelana noxhumo lwe-WiFi

• Beka amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi (Iphoyinti Lokufinyelela) endaweni ephakeme nebanga elifanele: Ngokufanelekile, iphuzu aliphezulu kakhulu noma aliphansi kakhulu, alikude kakhulu futhi alivaliwe, njengoba lingabangela ukulahleka kwamandla okungadingekile ngenxa yebanga noma izithiyo. Okufanelekile kuzohlala kungamaphoyinti aphakathi nobude nebanga ukusuka endaweni lapho kufanele kusebenze khona, kanye nezithiyo ezingokoqobo ezingenazo kakhulu eziseduze kanye nemishini kagesi ekhipha imisebe ye-electromagnetic.
• Misa izimpondo zedivayisi ye-Wi-Fi (Iphoyinti Lokufinyelela) ezindaweni ezihlukene: Kuyatuseka ukuthi ubeke izimpondo eziqondile, eyodwa (s) ivundlile futhi enye (ama) iqonde. Okusho ukuthi, zakha ama-angles angama-90 degree phakathi kwazo. Lokhu kuzofinyelela ukumbozwa kwezwe okungcono futhi amadivayisi azothatha isignali kangcono.
• Yenza izivivinyo zokuxhuma eziteshini usebenzisa i-20 MHz no-40 MHz: Ukuxhumeka ku-40 Mhz kungase kunikeze isignali engcono, kodwa emathubeni aphezulu okushayisana namanye amanethiwekhi angenantambo azungezile. Ukuxhumeka kokungu-40 Mhz kunikeza ukulahleka kwephakethe okuncane.
• Amanye amathiphu awusizo: Gcina i-firmware yedivayisi ye-Wi-Fi ibuyekeziwe futhi usebenzise iziphindaphinda zesiginali ye-Wi-Fi, uma kubonakala kudingekile. Futhi ekugcineni, thola/uthenge idivayisi ye-Wi-Fi entsha enezici nemisebenzi engcono.

Ekugcineni, kwe ulwazi olwengeziwe lobuchwepheshe ezihlobene ne ukungabaza nezixazululo ezinkingeni ze ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ungahlola okulandelayo isixhumanisi.

Isifingqo

Kafushane, ukwazi ukukhetha ngendlela efanele "Ishaneli ye-WiFi ezenzakalelayo noma eyenziwa ngesandla" ngesikhathi noma endaweni efanele kungasinika inzuzo yokwethula izinkinga ezimbalwa zokuxhuma. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukukwazi ukujabulela a uxhumano lwe-inthanethinawe okuningi ezinzile futhi esheshayo. Futhi, kungase kube usizo ezimweni ezithile, njengokusiza abanye ukuthi balungiselele kangcono ezabo amanethiwekhi angenantambo nokuxhumanaekhaya nasemsebenzini.

Siyethemba ukuthi le ncwadi izosiza kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu «Comunidad de nuestra web». Futhi uma ukuthandile, qiniseka ukuphawula ngakho lapha futhi wabelane ngakho nabanye kumawebhusayithi ayizintandokazi zakho, iziteshi, amaqembu noma imiphakathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma izinhlelo zemiyalezo. Futhi, khumbula ukuvakashela yethu IKHASI LEKHAYA ukuhlola izindaba eziningi, futhi ujoyine ezethu iqembu elisemthethweni le- FACEBOOK.